The importance of being supercoiled: how DNA mechanics regulate dynamic processes.

The importance of being supercoiled: how DNA mechanics regulate dynamic processes.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.12.007
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发表时间:
2012-07
影响因子:
4.7
通讯作者:
Kouzine, Fedor
Kouzine, Fedor
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Baranello, Laura;Levens, David;Gupta, Ashutosh;Kouzine, Fedor

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通过由DNA-蛋白质相互作用和双螺旋结构特征给出的约束引起的结构的动态变化,染色质容纳并调节不同的DNA依赖性过程。所有的DNA转换(如转录、DNA复制和染色体分离)都必然与双螺旋拓扑状态的强烈变化有关,称为扭转应力或超螺旋。由于几乎所有的DNA交易都受到DNA扭转状态的影响,这些变化有可能作为蛋白质伴侣检测到的调节信号。这种双向关系表明,DNA动力学可能有助于调节细胞生命中发生的许多事件。在这篇综述中,我们将重点介绍DNA超螺旋在细胞过程中的作用,特别强调转录。除了概述DNA扭转应力的产生和消散所涉及的多种因素外,我们还将讨论最近的研究,这些研究对细胞使用DNA动力学来执行功能的方式提供了新的见解。
Through dynamic changes in structure resulting from DNA-protein interactions and constraints given by the structural features of the double helix, chromatin accommodates and regulates different DNA-dependent processes. All DNA transactions (such as transcription, DNA replication and chromosomal segregation) are necessarily linked to strong changes in the topological state of the double helix known as torsional stress or supercoiling. As virtually all DNA transactions are in turn affected by the torsional state of DNA, these changes have the potential to serve as regulatory signals detected by protein partners. This two-way relationship indicates that DNA dynamics may contribute to the regulation of many events occurring during cell life. In this review we will focus on the role of DNA supercoiling in the cellular processes, with particular emphasis on transcription. Besides giving an overview on the multiplicity of factors involved in the generation and dissipation of DNA torsional stress, we will discuss recent studies which give new insight into the way cells use DNA dynamics to perform functions otherwise not achievable.
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