By the sweat of their brow? The effects of starting work again after pension age on life satisfaction in Germany and the United Kingdom
By the sweat of their brow? The effects of starting work again after pension age on life satisfaction in Germany and the United Kingdom
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靠她额头上的汗水？
DOI：
10.1017/s0144686x15001154
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Simone
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thomas;Scherger;Simone
近年来，达到领取养老金年龄的人的就业率大幅提高。然而，纵向证据的影响，这种就业的福祉，这可能有助于评估这一晚年的工作是稀缺的。根据迄今为止的实证研究结果和对幸福、工作和退休的理论方法，退休后工作对生活满意度的消极和积极影响都是合理的。在本文中，我们调查了德国和英国不同职业阶层的65岁至75岁之间重新开始工作对生活满意度的影响。我们预计，不仅工作的不同条件和经验对退休后工作对生活满意度的影响至关重要，而且围绕这种工作形式的制度安排也至关重要。我们使用了德国社会经济小组和英国家庭小组调查的数据，涵盖了20世纪90年代和21世纪初。基于固定效应回归模型，我们发现在这两个国家工作的积极影响，虽然不是所有的影响都很重要。按老年人工作的类别区分，我们发现主要是积极的影响，在低级别工作的人和所有其他人之间没有显着差异。此外，我们发现，工作对生活满意度的积极影响，部分原因是那些在英国从事较低级别工作的人对家庭收入的满意度提高。我们的结论是，许多关于退休年龄后工作的人的悲观假设在我们的观察时间内无法得到证实。然而，有几个理由可以相信，未来的结果会有所不同，或对超过养恤金年龄的工作人口的定义有所不同。
In recent years, the employment rates of people of pension age have increased considerably. However, longitudinal evidence on the effects of this employment on wellbeing which might contribute to an evaluation of this late-life work is scarce. Based on empirical findings so far and on theoretical approaches to wellbeing, work and retirement, both negative and positive effects of post-retirement work on life satisfaction are plausible. In this paper, we investigate the effects of taking up work again between the ages of 65 and 75 on life satisfaction in different occupational classes in Germany and the United Kingdom. We expect that not only the heterogeneous conditions and experiences of working are crucial for the consequences that post-retirement work has for life satisfaction, but also the institutional arrangements surrounding this form of work. We use data from the German Socio-Economic Panel and the British Household Panel Survey, covering the 1990s and 2000s. Based on fixed-effects regression modelling, we find positive effects of working in both countries, although not all effects are significant. Differentiating by the class of the job in which the older person works, we find mainly positive effects and no significant differences between those who work in a lower-class job and all others. In addition, we find that the positive effect of working on life satisfaction is partly explained by increased satisfaction with household income for those working in a lower-class job in the United Kingdom. We conclude that many of the pessimistic assumptions about people working after pension age cannot be confirmed for our time of observation. However, there are several reasons for believing that the results will be different in the future or for differently defined populations of people working past pension age.
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