Life cycle assessment of run-of-river hydropower plants in the Peruvian Andes: a policy support perspective
Life cycle assessment of run-of-river hydropower plants in the Peruvian Andes: a policy support perspective
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秘鲁安第斯山脉径流式水电站的生命周期评估：政策支持视角
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
I. Vázquez
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Daniel Verán;I. Vázquez
低碳排放通常与水电能源有关，这使其成为具有水电潜力的国家的一个有吸引力的选择，因为它使它们能够在不依赖燃烧化石燃料的情况下满足日益增长的电力需求。事实上，新一波水电站建设主要发生在热带地区，在那里必须考虑额外的环境影响：由于水库中生物源碳的降解而产生的生物源温室气体（GHG）排放。秘鲁计划在2021年之前安装高达2000兆瓦的水电，但尚未对其投入和产出流量以及由此产生的环境影响进行探索。因此，从生命周期的角度分析了过去十年中位于秘鲁安第斯山脉的三座水电站。这项研究的主要目的是为这三个水电站编制详细的生命周期清单，目的是获得秘鲁目前情况的具体资料。方法采用生命周期评价方法计算环境影响。数据收集主要基于直接从水电公司获得的原始数据，尽管生物源排放的模型考虑了当地净初级生产力条件和其他特定地点的条件。虽然计算与水电站有关的温室气体排放量是一个优先事项，但考虑到秘鲁电网脱碳的重要政策影响，也考虑了其他环境类别，如富营养化或非生物资源的枯竭。使用IPCC的方法计算温室气体排放量，而使用ReCiPe 2016方法计算了一组额外的八个影响类别。结果和讨论结果表明，每单位发电的温室气体排放量在文献中观察到的排放量较低的范围内，在所有三种情况下都低于3g co2当量/千瓦时。尽管位于热带国家，但由于安第斯高原的干旱环境以及水库的温和温度，生物源排放占温室气体排放总量的比例不到5%。在平流层臭氧消耗方面，具有臭氧消耗特性的温室气体N2O是主要的影响源。考虑到在《巴黎条约》框架内实现减缓气候变化的国家自主贡献的影响，研究结果旨在为一系列应用提供实用价值，包括与能源部门决策和国家层面决策的相关性。
PurposeLow-carbon emissions are usually related to hydropower energy, making it an attractive option for nations with hydropower potential as it enables them to meet increasing electricity demand without relying on burning fossil fuels. In fact, the new wave of hydropower plant construction is occurring mainly in tropical areas where an additional environmental impact must be considered: biogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to the degradation of biogenic carbon in reservoirs. Peru is planning to install up to 2000 MW in hydropower until 2021, but the input and output flows, as well as the environmental impacts that these generate, have not been explored. Hence, a set of three hydropower plants built in the past decade located in the Peruvian Andes were analyzed from a life cycle perspective. The main objective of the study is to generate detailed life cycle inventories for each of these three hydropower plants with the aim of obtaining specific information for current conditions in Peru.MethodsThe life cycle assessment methodology was applied to compute the environmental impacts. Data collection was based mainly on primary data obtained directly from the hydropower companies, although biogenic emissions were modeled considering local net primary productivity conditions and other site-specific conditions. Although the calculation of GHG emissions related to hydropower plants was a priority, considering the important policy implications of decarbonizing the Peruvian electricity grid, other environmental categories, such as eutrophication or the depletion of abiotic resources, were also considered. The IPCC method was used to calculate GHG emissions, whereas a set of eight additional impact categories were computed using the ReCiPe 2016 method.Results and discussionResults show that GHG emissions per unit of electricity generated were in the lower range of emissions observed in the literature, in all three cases below 3 g CO2eq/kWh. Biogenic emissions represented less than 5% of the total GHG emissions despite their location in a tropical nation, due to the arid conditions of the landscape in the Andean Highlands, as well as the mild temperatures that are present in the reservoirs. In terms of stratospheric ozone depletion, a GHG with ozone depletion properties, N2O, was the main source of impact.ConclusionsThe results are intended to be of utility for an array of applications, including relevance in decision-making in the energy sector and policy-making at a national level, considering the implications in terms of meeting the nationally determined contributions to mitigate climate change in the frame of the Treaty of Paris.
美国水坝从摇篮到坟墓的温室气体排放
影响因子：
15.9
作者：
Song, Cuihong;Gardner, Kevin H.;Klein, Sharon J.W.;Souza, Simone Pereira;Mo, Weiwei
通讯作者：
Mo, Weiwei