Untying Hands: De-escalation, Reputation, and Dynamic Audience Costs
Untying Hands: De-escalation, Reputation, and Dynamic Audience Costs
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解放双手：降级、声誉和动态观众成本
DOI：
10.1017/s0007123421000466
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Kai Quek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kai Quek
处于争端中的两个州拒绝让步。一方束缚自己的双手，以巩固自己的地位，获得优势;另一方则试图解开被束缚的双手，以先发制人。绑手是一种经过充分研究的策略，但它只讲述了故事的一部分，而松开手的反应策略仍然没有被探索。一个国家能解开对手被绑住的双手，把自由还给对手吗？我确定了三种解除束缚的策略：反威胁，保证和规范框架。我的实验表明，这些策略可以减少公共成本的退缩和退缩的声誉损害。被束缚的双手和受众成本不是静态的、一成不变的，而是动态的、可被对方延展的。
Abstract Two states in a dispute refuse to back down. One ties its own hands to strengthen its stand and gain advantage; the other tries to untie the tied hands to preempt disadvantage. Tying hands is a well-studied strategy, but it tells only part of the story, and the response strategy of untying hands remains unexplored. Can a state untie the tied hands of its opponent to give freedom back to its opponent—the freedom to concede? I identify three strategies of untying hands: counterthreat, reassurance, and normative framing. I show experimentally that these strategies can reduce the public costs of backing down and the perceived reputational damage from backing down. Tied hands and audience costs are not static and immutable, but dynamic and malleable by the other side.
英国公众的观众成本：升级、危机类型和首相言论的影响
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Davies G
通讯作者：
Davies G
平民伤亡和公众对军事行动的支持：实验证据
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Johns R
通讯作者：
Johns R