A simulation of the Neolithic transition in Western Eurasia
A simulation of the Neolithic transition in Western Eurasia
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欧亚大陆西部新石器时代过渡的模拟
DOI：
10.1016/j.jas.2011.08.008
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K.W. Wirtz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lemmen;D. Gronenborn;K.W. Wirtz
农业和畜牧业是从近东和安纳托利亚传入欧洲的;然而，关于这一转变的机制存在相当大的争议。是那些迁移的人，或者是被驱逐的人，或者是与土著狩猎采集群体混合的人？或者是物质和信息在移动--新石器时代的包裹--由驯化的植物和动物以及它们的使用知识组成？后一个过程通常被称为文化扩散，前一个过程被称为流行扩散。尽管考古学家、人类学家、语言学家、古生物学家和遗传学家不断地和部分地联合努力，但这场争论尚未达成最终解决方案。在目前的贡献，我们解释全球土地利用和技术演变模拟器（GLUES）的结果。该数学模型模拟了全新世地质环境背景下的区域社会文化发展。我们表明，该模型能够现实地追溯扩张速度和非均匀时空演变的过渡到农牧在欧亚大陆西部。与不能解决内生社会文化动力学的模型相反，我们的模型描述并解释了新石器时代如何以及为什么分阶段发展。我们将移徙和信息交流的机制以及移徙和农牧业传播的机制分开。我们发现，（1）一个本土形式的农牧化很可能出现在某些地中海景观，但不是在北方和中欧，在那里它依赖于进口的技术和材料;（2）无论是流行的移民扩散和贸易的文化传播可以解释西欧的过渡同样好;（3）移民农民显然比当地的收养者建立农牧化的贡献。因此，我们的研究强调了居民觅食采用引进技术和经济的重要性。
Farming and herding were introduced to Europe from the Near East and Anatolia; there are, however, considerable arguments about the mechanisms of this transition. Were it the people who moved and either outplaced or admixed with the indigenous hunter-gatherer groups? Or was it material and information that moved—the Neolithic Package—consisting of domesticated plants and animals and the knowledge of their use? The latter process is commonly referred to as cultural diffusion and the former as demic diffusion. Despite continuous and partly combined efforts by archaeologists, anthropologists, linguists, palaeontologists and geneticists, a final resolution of the debate has not yet been reached. In the present contribution we interpret results from the Global Land Use and technological Evolution Simulator (GLUES). This mathematical model simulates regional sociocultural development embedded in the geoenvironmental context during the Holocene. We demonstrate that the model is able to realistically hindcast the expansion speed and the inhomogeneous space-time evolution of the transition to agropastoralism in western Eurasia. In contrast to models that do not resolve endogenous sociocultural dynamics, our model describes and explains how and why the Neolithic advanced in stages. We uncouple the mechanisms of migration and information exchange and also of migration and the spread of agropastoralism. We find that (1) an indigenous form of agropastoralism could well have arisen in certain Mediterranean landscapes but not in northern and central Europe, where it depended on imported technology and material; (2) both demic diffusion by migration and cultural diffusion by trade may explain the western European transition equally well; (3) migrating farmers apparently contribute less than local adopters to the establishment of agropastoralism. Our study thus underlines the importance of adoption of introduced technologies and economies by resident foragers.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
1943
期刊：
影响因子：
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发表时间：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
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作者：
K. Wirtz;B. Eckhardt
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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