Foveal vision

Foveal vision
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中心凹视力

DOI:
10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.097
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
9.2
通讯作者:
Harmening WM
Harmening WM
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tuten WS;Harmening WM

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中心凹是如何专用于空间视觉的?在人类中,有三个解剖学特征将中心凹与视网膜的其他部分区分开来,所有这些都反映了对高敏锐度白天视力的优化。首先,锥形感光器被精细地分布在样本空间,堆积密度的峰值约为15,000个细胞/度。第二,杆状感光细胞是在弱光条件下工作的高度敏感的细胞,在中央最中央的中心凹不存在。第三,视网膜内部结构--双极细胞和视网膜神经节细胞,以及视网膜血管--从中心凹中心向外离心式移位,导致中心凹标志性的凹陷轮廓(图1)。利用这种独特的形态来获得高敏锐度的视觉,需要在上升神经通路中保存由密集排列的中心凹锥体镶嵌所编码的空间信息。在灵长类动物中,侏儒视网膜神经节细胞被认为是调节中心凹空间视觉的细胞,因为它们只通过一个侏儒双极细胞从一个中心凹锥体接受兴奋性输入。这条“专线”电路没有串扰,确保空间信息不会在传输到大脑的信号中丢失。用自适应光学矫正光学像差的心理物理实验表明,中心凹的视力最终受光感受器间距的限制,达到20/10或更高--是临床基准20/20的两倍。这些结果表明,直到知觉部位,黄斑中心凹视锥信号仍然是分离的。
How is the fovea specialized for spatial vision? In humans, three anatomical characteristics distinguish the fovea from the rest of the retina, all of which reflect optimizations for high-acuity daytime vision. First, cone photoreceptors are distributed to sample space finely, with packing densities peaking around 15,000 cells/deg2. Second, rod photoreceptors, highly sensitive cells that function under low light conditions, are absent from the central most fovea. And third, inner retinal structures—bipolar and retinal ganglion cells, and retinal blood vessels—are displaced centrifugally from the foveal center, resulting in the fovea’s hallmark dimpled profile (Figure 1).Leveraging this unique morphology for high-acuity vision requires that the spatial information encoded by the densely packed foveal cone mosaic is preserved in ascending neural pathways. In primates, midget retinal ganglion cells are presumed to mediate spatial vision in the fovea because they receive excitatory input from just one foveal cone via one midget bipolar cell. The lack of crosstalk in this ‘private-line’circuit ensures that spatial information is not lost in the signal transmitted to the brain. Psychophysical experiments in which optical aberrations—another factor that can limit resolution—are corrected with adaptive optics show that foveal visual acuity is ultimately limited by photoreceptor spacing, reaching values of 20/10 or better—twice as good as the clinical benchmark of 20/20. These results suggest individual foveal cone signals remain segregated up to the locus of perception.
视网膜图像运动在空间视觉范围内的好处。
DOI: 10.1167/17.1.30
发表时间: 2017-01-01
期刊: Journal of vision
影响因子: 1.8
作者:
Ratnam K;Domdei N;Harmening WM;Roorda A
通讯作者: Roorda A
黄腿鸥 Larus michahellis 的中心凹形状、超微结构和光感受器组成(Naumann,1840)
DOI: 10.1007/s00435-020-00512-2
发表时间: 2021
期刊: Zoomorphology
影响因子: 1
作者:
N. Victory;Y. Segovia;M. García
通讯作者: M. García
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922294117
发表时间: 2020-06-16
影响因子: 11.1
作者:
Cohen, Michael A.;Botch, Thomas L.;Robertson, Caroline E.
通讯作者: Robertson, Caroline E.