On the ordering of the Markov numbers

On the ordering of the Markov numbers
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关于马尔可夫数的排序

DOI:
10.1016/j.aam.2022.102453
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
1.1
通讯作者:
Schiffler, Ralf
Schiffler, Ralf
中科院分区:
数学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lee, Kyungyong;Li, Li;Rabideau, Michelle;Schiffler, Ralf

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马尔可夫数是出现在方程x2 + y2 + z2 = 3xyz的解中的正整数。这些数是数论中的经典课题,在双曲几何、代数几何和组合数学中有重要的分支。已知马氏数可以由第一象限中且对角线下方坐标互质的格点(q,p)来标记。在本文中,我们考虑以下问题。给定两个格点,我们能说哪个相关的马尔可夫数更大吗?一个完整的答案,这个问题将解决唯一性猜想制定的弗罗贝纽斯在1913年。我们给出了一个部分答案的斜率的线段,连接两个晶格点。我们证明了当斜率至少为-8 7时,具有较大x坐标的马尔可夫数大于另一个;当斜率至多为-5 4时,具有较大x坐标的马尔可夫数小于另一个。作为一种特殊情况,即当斜率为0或1时,我们从艾格纳的著作《马尔可夫定理与唯一性猜想的100年》中得到了两个定理的证明。
The Markov numbers are the positive integers that appear in the solutions of the equation x 2+ y 2+ z 2= 3 x y z. These numbers are a classical subject in number theory and have important ramifications in hyperbolic geometry, algebraic geometry and combinatorics. It is known that the Markov numbers can be labeled by the lattice points (q, p) in the first quadrant and below the diagonal whose coordinates are coprime. In this paper, we consider the following question. Given two lattice points, can we say which of the associated Markov numbers is larger? A complete answer to this question would solve the uniqueness conjecture formulated by Frobenius in 1913. We give a partial answer in terms of the slope of the line segment that connects the two lattice points. We prove that the Markov number with the greater x-coordinate is larger than the other if the slope is at least− 8 7 and that it is smaller than the other if the slope is at most− 5 4. As a special case, namely when the slope is equal to 0 or 1, we obtain a proof of two conjectures from Aigner's book “Markov's theorem and 100 years of the uniqueness conjecture”.
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