Organization and Complexity of the Yak (Bos Grunniens) Immunoglobulin Loci.
Organization and Complexity of the Yak (Bos Grunniens) Immunoglobulin Loci.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2022.876509
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
高原牦牛具有抗病和抗逆性，但其免疫球蛋白基因座的结构和表达机制尚不清楚。根据已发表的牛、绵羊和山羊免疫球蛋白基因，对牦牛免疫球蛋白重链（IgH）和免疫球蛋白轻链（IgL）的基因组结构进行了描述。在牦牛中，IgH、Igλ和Igκ的组合多样性与牛相似，与人类和小鼠相比，对抗体谱系的贡献较小。体细胞超突变（SHM）对牦牛免疫球蛋白多样性的影响大于山羊和绵羊，除了互补决定区（CDR）外，框架区（FR）的一些位点也出现了高频突变。CDR3多样性表明，牦牛免疫世系绝大多数是通过IgH重排连锁多样性产生的。新的高通量测序技术的出现和牦牛全基因组（2019）的发表大大提高了我们对牦牛免疫反应的理解。我们利用PE300对牦牛免疫球蛋白表达多样性进行了更全面的分析，避免了传统Sanger测序缺少低频重组的缺点。综上所述，我们描述了牦牛IgH和IgL基因座的基因组组织结构示意图。免疫球蛋白表达多样性分析表明，牦牛通过连接多样性和CDR3多样性弥补了V(D)J重组蛋白多样性的不足。此外，牦牛和牛一样，也具有超长的IgH CDR3 (CDR3H)，这为牦牛免疫球蛋白的多样化表达提供了更大的贡献。这些发现可为牦牛抗病育种和疫苗研制提供理论依据。
As important livestock in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, yak provides meat and other necessities for Tibetans living. Plateau yak has resistance to diseases and stress, yet is nearly unknown in the structure and expression mechanism of yak immunoglobulin loci. Based on the published immunoglobulin genes of bovids (cattle, sheep and goat), the genomic organization of the yak immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) and immunoglobulin light chain (IgL) were described. The assemblage diversity of IgH, Igλ and Igκ in yak was similar to that in bovids, and contributes little to the antibody lineage compared with that in humans and mice. Somatic hypermutation (SHM) had a greater effect on immunoglobulin diversity in yak than in goat and sheep, and in addition to the complementarity-determining region (CDR), some loci in the framework region (FR) also showed high frequency mutations. CDR3 diversity showed that immunological lineages in yak were overwhelmingly generated through linkage diversity in IgH rearrangements. The emergence of new high-throughput sequencing technologies and the yak whole genome (2019) publication have greatly improved our understanding of the immune response in yaks. We had a more comprehensive analysis of yak immunoglobulin expression diversity by PE300, which avoided the disadvantage of missing low-frequency recombination in traditional Sanger sequencing. In summary, we described the schematic structure of the genomic organization of yak IgH loci and IgL loci. The analysis of immunoglobulin expression diversity showed that yak made up for the deficiency of V(D)J recombinant diversity by junctional diversity and CDR3 diversity. In addition, yak, like cattle, also had the same ultra-long IgH CDR3 (CDR3H), which provided more contribution to the diverse expression of yak immunoglobulin. These findings might provide a theoretical basis for disease resistance breeding and vaccine development in yak.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Walther S;Czerny CP;Diesterbeck US
通讯作者：
Diesterbeck US