Prevalence and Distribution of Microplastics in Oysters from the Mississippi Sound
Prevalence and Distribution of Microplastics in Oysters from the Mississippi Sound
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密西西比海峡牡蛎中微塑料的普遍性和分布
DOI：
10.1111/j.1936-704x.2022.3379.x
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Pandelides, Ann Fairly
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wontor, Kendall;Cizdziel, James V.;Scircle, Austin;Gochfeld, Deborah J.;Pandelides, Ann Fairly
牡蛎是其生态系统的基础组成部分，研究表明，它们会因接触微塑料 (MP) 而受到负面影响。据记录，牡蛎礁周围的水域中 MP 水平很高，作为滤食性动物，牡蛎可以将 MP 与食物一起摄入。在这里，我们测定了密西西比湾沿岸十个地点的牡蛎 (Crassostrea virginica) 中的 MP (>30 µm)。此外，对这些样本的子集进行了解剖，以量化特定组织内的 MP。平均浓度范围为 30.7±11.5 至 4.7±0.25 推定 MPs/g 整个组织的湿重 (ww)，靠近人口中心的海湾内地点的 MPs 水平高于直接暴露于海湾的地点。外套膜、鳃和内收肌组织具有相似的推定 MP 浓度（分别为 15.9 ± 13.4、11.5 ± 8.6 和 12.8 ± 6.7 MPs/g），而消化系统组织的浓度较低（6.8 ± 6.1 MPs/g 组织）。这表明牡蛎中的大多数 MP 可能粘附在外部组织上，并且实际上并未被摄入。大多数保留的 MP 的最小尺寸为 30-90 µm (80%)，其次是 125-250 µm (9%)、90-125 µm (8%) 和 >250 µm (3%)。通过 µ-FTIR 对比洛克西湾的样品进行分析以评估 MP 成分，结果表明聚氨酯、聚乙烯和聚酰胺很常见，但需要进行额外的分析才能全面表征各个地点的 MP 概况。总体而言，这项工作提供了急需的有关密西西比海峡牡蛎中 MP 的丰度和大小以及它们所在组织的经验数据。
Oysters are a foundational part of their ecosystem and research has shown they are negatively impacted by exposure to microplastics (MPs). High MP levels have been documented in waters surrounding oyster reefs, and as filter feeders, oysters can ingest MPs along with their food. Here, we determined MPs (>30 µm) in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from ten sites across the Mississippi Gulf Coast. Further, a subset of these samples was dissected to quantify MPs within specific tissues. Average concentrations ranged from 30.7± 11.5 to 4.7 ± 0.25 putative MPs/g wet weight (ww) of whole tissue, with sites inside bays near population centers displaying higher levels of MPs than those exposed directly to the Gulf. Mantle, gill, and adductor muscle tissues had similar concentrations of putative MPs (15.9 ± 13.4, 11.5 ± 8.6 and 12.8 ± 6.7 MPs/g, respectively), whereas digestive system tissues had lower concentrations (6.8 ± 6.1 MPs/g of tissue). This suggests that most MPs in an oyster likely adhere to external tissues and are not actually ingested. Most of the MPs retained were in the smallest size fraction of 30‐90 µm (80%), followed by 125‐250 µm (9%), 90‐125 µm (8%), and >250 µm (3%). Analysis of samples from Biloxi Bay by µ‐FTIR to assess MP composition shows that polyurethane, polyethylene, and polyamide are common, but additional analyses are needed to fully characterize the MP profile across sites. Overall, this work provides much‐needed empirical data on the abundances and sizes of MPs in oysters from the Mississippi Sound, as well as the tissues where they reside.
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