Biochemical and cellular properties of insulin receptor signalling.

Biochemical and cellular properties of insulin receptor signalling.
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DOI:
10.1038/nrm.2017.89
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发表时间:
2018-01
期刊:
Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Accili D
Accili D
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Haeusler RA;McGraw TE;Accili D

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胰岛素的作用机制是生物学和医学的中心主题。除了由胰腺β细胞的自身免疫破坏引起的相当罕见的胰岛素缺乏症之外,胰岛素作用的遗传和获得性异常是2型糖尿病、肥胖和胰岛素抵抗的更常见病症的基础。后者易患高血压、阿尔茨海默病和癌症等疾病。因此,了解胰岛素受体信号传导的生物化学和细胞特性可以说是生物医学研究的优先事项。在过去的十年中,主要的进展导致葡萄糖转运,脂质合成,储存和动员机制的描绘。除了胰岛素对信号激酶和代谢酶的直接作用外,胰岛素调节基因转录机制的发现导致了对胰岛素作用一般原理的重新评估。这些进展将加速糖尿病新治疗方式的发现。
The mechanism of insulin action is a central theme in biology and medicine. In addition to the rather rare condition of insulin deficiency caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells, genetic and acquired abnormalities of insulin action underlie the far more common conditions of type 2 diabetes, obesity and insulin resistance. The latter predisposes to diseases ranging from hypertension to Alzheimer disease and cancer. Hence, understanding the biochemical and cellular properties of insulin receptor signalling is arguably a priority in biomedical research. In the past decade, major progress has led to the delineation of mechanisms of glucose transport, lipid synthesis, storage and mobilization. In addition to direct effects of insulin on signalling kinases and metabolic enzymes, the discovery of mechanisms of insulin-regulated gene transcription has led to a reassessment of the general principles of insulin action. These advances will accelerate the discovery of new treatment modalities for diabetes.
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