The gut microbiota and developmental programming of the testis in mice.
The gut microbiota and developmental programming of the testis in mice.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0103809
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Söder O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Al-Asmakh M;Stukenborg JB;Reda A;Anuar F;Strand ML;Hedin L;Pettersson S;Söder O
营养素和环境化学物质，包括内分泌干扰物，已被认为与目前男性生殖功能障碍的增加有关，但其潜在机制仍不清楚。胃肠道是暴露在我们环境中的最大表面积，因此在内脏暴露于外源因素方面起着关键作用。在这种背景下，肠道微生物组(所有细菌及其代谢物)已被证明是包括新陈代谢、认知功能和免疫在内的身体生理学的重要贡献者。男性生殖的关键是睾丸的正常发育，包括形成血-睾丸屏障(BTB)，该屏障包裹并保护生殖细胞免受应激诱导的环境线索的影响，例如病原体和外源生物。在这里，我们使用无特定病原体(SPF)和无菌(GF)小鼠来探讨肠道微生物区系和/或其代谢产物是否影响睾丸发育和BTB的调节。在生后16天，生精小管腔的形成延迟，这与BTB的发育相一致。此外，灌流实验(伊文思蓝)显示，这些小鼠的BTB通透性增加。睾丸组织中occludin、ZO-2和E-cadherin的表达减少，提示微生物区系通过调节细胞间的黏附调节BTB的通透性。有趣的是，将GF小鼠暴露在酪丁酸梭菌(CBUT)中，这种细菌可以分泌高水平的丁酸，恢复了BTB的完整性，并使细胞粘附蛋白水平正常化。此外，与SPF组相比，GF组小鼠的血清促性腺激素(促黄体生成素和卵泡刺激素)水平更低。此外，与SPF或CBUT组相比，GF组大鼠睾丸内睾酮含量较低。因此，肠道微生物群可以调节BTB的通透性，并可能在调节睾丸的内分泌功能中发挥作用。
Nutrients and environmental chemicals, including endocrine disruptors, have been incriminated in the current increase in male reproductive dysfunction, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The gastrointestinal tract represents the largest surface area exposed to our environment and thereby plays a key role in connection with exposure of internal organs to exogenous factors. In this context the gut microbiome (all bacteria and their metabolites) have been shown to be important contributors to body physiology including metabolism, cognitive functions and immunity. Pivotal to male reproduction is a proper development of the testis, including the formation of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) that encapsulates and protects germ cells from stress induced environmental cues, e.g. pathogenic organisms and xenobiotics. Here we used specific pathogen free (SPF) mice and germ-free (GF) mice to explore whether gut microbiota and/or their metabolites can influence testis development and regulation of BTB. Lumen formation in the seminiferous tubules, which coincides with the development of the BTB was delayed in the testes of GF mice at 16 days postpartum. In addition, perfusion experiments (Evans blue) demonstrated increased BTB permeability in these same mice. Reduced expressions of occludin, ZO-2 and E-cadherin in GF testis suggested that the microbiota modulated BTB permeability by regulation of cell-cell adhesion. Interestingly, exposure of GF mice to Clostridium Tyrobutyricum (CBUT), which secrete high levels of butyrate, restored the integrity of the BTB and normalized the levels of cell adhesion proteins. Moreover, the GF mice exhibited lower serum levels of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) than the SPF group. In addition, the intratesticular content of testosterone was lower in GF compared to SPF or CBUT animals. Thus, the gut microbiome can modulate the permeability of the BTB and might play a role in the regulation of endocrine functions of the testis.
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影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Hudcovic, T.;Kolinska, J.;Kozakova, H.
通讯作者：
Kozakova, H.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0506084102
发表时间：
2005-11-15
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Meng, J;Holdcraft, RW;Braun, RE
通讯作者：
Braun, RE
影响因子：
6.1
作者：
Kalayci, Rivaze;Kaya, Mehmet;Kucuk, Mutlu
通讯作者：
Kucuk, Mutlu
影响因子：
64.5
作者：
Gow, A;Southwood, CM;Lazzarini, RA
通讯作者：
Lazzarini, RA
DOI：
10.1530/jrf.0.0650431
发表时间：
1982-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY
影响因子：
--
作者：
JUTTE, NHPM;JANSEN, R;VANDERMOLEN, HJ
通讯作者：
VANDERMOLEN, HJ