Past-Forwarding Ancient Calamities. Pathways for Making Archaeology Relevant in Disaster Risk Reduction Research
Past-Forwarding Ancient Calamities. Pathways for Making Archaeology Relevant in Disaster Risk Reduction Research
复制标题
转发远古灾难。
DOI：
10.3390/h6040079
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
F. Riede
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Riede
尽管据称人类掌握了自然，但当代社会极易受到自然灾害的影响。在与脆弱社区的互动中，这些转变为灾难。从深刻的历史角度来看，许多不同类型的人类社区受到了各种自然灾害的影响，这些自然灾害可能为针对未来灾难采取基于情景的减少风险措施提供有用的数据。由于高级别灾害发生的频率较低，因此有必要以深入的时间视角，以循证的方式理解这类事件的自然和人为方面。这篇论文的重点是大约13,000年前德国西部拉切尔火山的喷发，作为这种罕见但潜在极具破坏性的事件的一个例子。它融合了Lee Clarke的社会学观点，即在灾难规划中也考虑到这种非常罕见的事件，以及David Staley的概念，即从历史上思考未来，以便“过去-转发”关于过去脆弱和韧性星座的信息。“过去转发”在这里意在发出信号，表明在关注当代和未来的弹性时，使用了如此深刻的历史信息。本文概述了使过去极端环境事件的考古信息与减少灾害风险相关的两条途径：第一，将地学和人文科学的信息结合起来，有可能将古代灾害从事实事项转变为令人关注的事项，从而更有效地提高对相关问题的认识。其次，除了将过去灾难的信息提供给准备情况之外，我认为，人文科学(特别是博物馆)可用的成熟的外展渠道为与多个公众交流提供了强大的平台。
Despite the alleged mastery of humans over nature, contemporary societies are acutely vulnerable to natural hazards. In interaction with vulnerable communities, these transform into catastrophes. In a deep historical perspective, human communities of many different kinds have been affected by numerous kinds of natural disasters that may provide useful data for scenario-based risk reduction measures vis-a-vis future calamities. The low frequency of high magnitude hazards necessitates a deep time perspective for understanding both the natural and human dimensions of such events in an evidence-based manner. This paper focusses on the eruption of the Laacher See volcano in western Germany about 13,000 years ago as an example of such a rare, but potentially highly devastating event. It merges Lee Clarke’s sociological argument for also thinking about such very rare events in disaster planning and David Staley’s notion of thinking historically about the future in order to ‘past-forward’ such information on past constellations of vulnerability and resilience. ‘Past-forwarding’ is here intended to signal the use of such deep historical information in concerns for contemporary and future resilience. This paper outlines two pathways for making archaeological information on past extreme environmental events relevant in disaster risk reduction: First, the combination of information from the geosciences and the humanities holds the potential to transform ancient hazards from matters of fact to matters of concern and, hence, to more effectively raise awareness of the issues concerned. Second, in addition to information on past calamities feeding into preparatory scenarios, I argue that the well-established outreach channels available to the humanities (museums, in particular) provide powerful platforms for communication to multiple publics.
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