Inductive inference in non-native speech processing and learning
Inductive inference in non-native speech processing and learning
复制标题
非母语语音处理和学习中的归纳推理
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Pajak
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Pajak
尽管对语言习得进行了广泛的研究，但我们对人们如何学习抽象语言结构的理解仍然有限。在语音领域，我们知道，知觉重组在婴儿期的结果调谐到母语（L1）的语音类别，因此，难以区分和学习非母语类别。这种困难被认为是源于新的声音被感知映射到L1语音类别，导致大量的L1干扰。然而，有充分的证据表明，成人的语音处理系统保留了相当程度的可塑性，这表明可能存在更复杂的学习机制。在这篇论文中，我提出了另一种理论，在该理论中，非母语语音处理是由分层归纳推理的原则指导的，关于一个给定的语音维度在任何新的语言中有多大可能是语音信息。该理论与映射理论的关键区别在于预测当语音维度是信息性的（例如，语音对比），涉及该维度的区别应该得到加强，即使在语音类别中，该维度在母语中没有信息。我提供的实验证据支持归纳理论，表明语言学习超越了特定的语音类别的收购，并包括高阶概括语音尺寸在语言作为一个整体的相对重要性。我认为，这一理论可以扩展到语音类别学习以外的其他领域的语言习得，它表明，成人和婴儿招募相同的领域一般学习机制时，获得新的语言
Despite extensive research on language acquisition, our understanding of how people learn abstract linguistic structures remains limited. In the phonological domain, we know that perceptual reorganization in infancy results in attuning to native language (L1) phonetic categories and, consequently, in difficulty discriminating and learning non-native categories. This difficulty has been proposed to originate from novel sounds being perceptually mapped onto L1 phonetic categories, leading to massive L1 interference. However, ample evidence that the adult speech processing system preserves a considerable degree of plasticity suggests that more complex learning mechanisms might be in place. In this dissertation I propose an alternative theory in which non-native speech processing is guided by principles of hierarchical inductive inference regarding how likely a given phonetic dimension is to be phonologically informative in any novel language. This theory differs crucially from mapping theories in predicting that when a phonetic dimension is informative (e.g., phonologically contrastive) in one's native language, discriminations involving that dimension should be enhanced even among classes of sounds for which the dimension is not informative in the native language. I provide experimental evidence supporting the inductive theory, demonstrating that language learning goes beyond the acquisition of specific phonetic categories, and includes higher-order generalizations regarding the relative importance of phonetic dimensions in the language as a whole. I argue that this theory can be extended beyond phonetic category learning to other domains of language acquisition, and that it suggests that adults and infants recruit the same domain-general learning mechanisms when acquiring novel languages
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
LIVELY, SE;LOGAN, JS;PISONI, DB
通讯作者：
PISONI, DB
非母语语音对比的知觉重组检查：英语成人和婴儿的祖鲁语点击歧视。
DOI：
10.1037//0096-1523.14.3.345
发表时间：
1988
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance
影响因子：
--
作者：
Best,CT;McRoberts,GW;Sithole,NM
通讯作者：
Sithole,NM
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Bradlow, AR;Pisoni, DB;Tohkura, Y
通讯作者：
Tohkura, Y
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
LOGAN, JS;LIVELY, SE;PISONI, DB
通讯作者：
PISONI, DB
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
KUHL, PK;WILLIAMS, KA;LINDBLOM, B
通讯作者：
LINDBLOM, B