Exosomes in the hypoxic TME: from release, uptake and biofunctions to clinical applications.
Exosomes in the hypoxic TME: from release, uptake and biofunctions to clinical applications.
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低氧 TME 中的外泌体：从释放、摄取和生物功能到临床应用
DOI：
10.1186/s12943-021-01440-5
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发表时间：
2022-01-17
期刊：
影响因子：
37.3
通讯作者：
Li H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
He G;Peng X;Wei S;Yang S;Li X;Huang M;Tang S;Jin H;Liu J;Zhang S;Zheng H;Fan Q;Liu J;Yang L;Li H
缺氧是肿瘤微环境（TME）的显著特征。当面临选择性压力时，肿瘤细胞表现出各种适应性特征，如癌症标志物表达的变化（增殖增加、凋亡抑制、免疫逃避等）和更频繁的细胞通讯。由于癌细胞对缺氧的适应性，探索细胞通讯介质与缺氧之间的关系变得越来越重要。外泌体是细胞间信息传递的重要载体。大量的证据已经证明，TME中的缺氧效应是由外泌体介导的，偶尔会形成反馈环。在这篇综述中，我们同样专注于肿瘤源性外泌体的生物起源和异质性及其在缺氧条件下的功能，并描述了归因于外泌体和缺氧的已知和潜在机制。值得注意的是，我们提请注意缺氧癌细胞来源的外泌体的大小变化，这是一个长期被忽视的特征，并提出了这种大小变化的一些可能影响。最后，共同考虑外来体和肿瘤的理解的最新进展，我们描述了在这一领域迫切需要解决的问题，以更好地研究和临床应用。
Hypoxia is a remarkable trait of the tumor microenvironment (TME). When facing selective pressure, tumor cells show various adaptive characteristics, such as changes in the expression of cancer hallmarks (increased proliferation, suppressed apoptosis, immune evasion, and so on) and more frequent cell communication. Because of the adaptation of cancer cells to hypoxia, exploring the association between cell communication mediators and hypoxia has become increasingly important. Exosomes are important information carriers in cell-to-cell communication. Abundant evidence has proven that hypoxia effects in the TME are mediated by exosomes, with the occasional formation of feedback loops. In this review, we equally focus on the biogenesis and heterogeneity of cancer-derived exosomes and their functions under hypoxia and describe the known and potential mechanism ascribed to exosomes and hypoxia. Notably, we call attention to the size change of hypoxic cancer cell-derived exosomes, a characteristic long neglected, and propose some possible effects of this size change. Finally, jointly considering recent developments in the understanding of exosomes and tumors, we describe noteworthy problems in this field that urgently need to be solved for better research and clinical application.
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