Proteases and Synaptic Activity

Proteases and Synaptic Activity
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蛋白酶和突触活动

DOI:
10.1007/0-387-23101-3_12
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发表时间:
2005
影响因子:
2.5
通讯作者:
H. Nakanishi
H. Nakanishi
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
H. Nakanishi

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越来越多的证据表明,蛋白水解机制在调节中枢神经系统(CNS)中的突触活性方面具有重要作用(Hegde和DiAntonio 2002,Kaczmarek et al 2002; Pawlak和Strickland,2002; Tomimatsu et al 2002)。在生理条件下,蛋白酶受到严格的调节,以防止过度的蛋白水解。它们的蛋白水解活性至少受三种机制调节:基因转录、前体形式的激活过程以及与内源性蛋白酶抑制剂的相互作用。一旦蛋白酶被激活,它们可以对各种蛋白质的肽键进行不可逆的切割。切割后,一些底物失活,另一些被激活以获得新的功能。在病理条件下,活化的小胶质细胞还释放蛋白酶以影响神经元功能(Nakanishi 2003 a,2003 b)。因此,准确了解蛋白酶及其靶底物的调节机制对于更好地理解其在CNS中的生理和病理作用至关重要。除了蛋白水解,一些蛋白酶还可以通过非蛋白水解机制发挥其功能。蛋白水解级联反应在生理和病理条件下的突触反应中起着重要作用。
There is growing evidence that the proteolytic machinery has important roles in regulating synaptic activity in the central nervous system (CNS)(Hegde and DiAntonio 2002, Kaczmarek et al 2002; Pawlak and Strickland, 2002; Tomimatsu et al 2002). Under the physiological condition, proteases are tightly regulated to prevent the excessive proteolysis. Their proteolytic activities are regulated by at least three mechanisms: the gene transcription, the activation process of precursor forms, and the interaction with endogenous protease inhibitors. Once proteases are activated, they can exert irreversible cleavage of peptide bonds of various proteins. After cleavage, some substrates are inactivated and others are activated to gain new functions. Under the pathological conditions, activated microglia also release proteases to affect neuronal functions (Nakanishi 2003a, 2003b). Therefore, the precise knowledge about the regulatory mechanism of proteases and their target substrates is critical for the better understanding of their physiological and pathological roles in the CNS. Besides proteolysis, some proteases can also exert their functions by non-proteolytic mechanisms. It is becoming evident that proteolytic cascades have crucial roles in synaptic reactions under the physiological and pathological conditions.
DOI: 10.1152/jn.1984.51.5.1011
发表时间: 1984-01-01
影响因子: 2.5
作者:
HABLITZ, JJ
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发表时间: 2002
期刊: The Journal of clinical investigation.
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DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320570218
发表时间: 1995
期刊: American journal of medical genetics.
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Walkley,SU;March,PA;Schroeder,CE;Wurzelmann,S;Jolly,RD
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