Assessing the health of the in situ global surface marine climate observing system

Assessing the health of the in situ global surface marine climate observing system
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评估原位全球表面海洋气候观测系统的健康状况

DOI:
10.1002/joc.4914
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发表时间:
2016
期刊:
International Journal of Climatology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Berry D
Berry D
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Berry D

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海洋气候观测系统包括几种不同类型的观测平台的贡献。大多数观测来自移动的平台,例如船舶或水面漂流浮标。利用海洋观测的气候应用往往需要在规则的时空网格上建立环境参数场。因此,用户需求通常是在特定的空间和时间尺度的参数不确定性。因此,必须将海洋观测的特点,即其预期质量和取样分布,与这些要求联系起来。本文提出了一种简单的方法来估计由混合观测类型导出的场的仪器不确定度。这种方法使初步评估的程度,可用的观测满足规定的用户requires.Example观测系统充分性评估的两个气候变量,海表面温度(SST)和海洋空气温度(MAT)usinginsitudata。该方法也适用于由现场数据和卫星数据组成的网格数据集。虽然全球SST指标显示,随着时间的推移,观测系统的充分性有所改善,但MAT的充分性正在下降。这些评估可以确定提高观测系统适足性的最有效办法。就SST而言,最好的办法是增加进行观测的不同平台的数量。就多边环境协定而言,需要增加总体观测数量,而不论平台如何,并扩大地理覆盖范围,以减少不确定性,通过更广泛地评价与每种平台类型的每种不同变量相关的不确定性,将改进评估工作。审查用户要求的完整性也是有益的:例如,列入与气候监测所需的大空间和时间尺度上的平均值稳定性有关的用户要求,或用于估算海气交换。
Thein situsurface marine climate observing system includes contributions from several different types of observing platforms. Most observations come from mobile platforms, e.g. ships or surface drifting buoys. Climate applications using marine observations often require fields of environmental parameters to be constructed on regular spatiotemporal grids. User requirements are therefore typically presented in terms of parameter uncertainty at particular space and timescales. It is therefore important to relate the characteristics of marine observations, in terms of their expected quality and sampling distribution, to these requirements. A simple method to estimate the instrumental uncertainty in fields derived from a mixture of observation types is presented. This method enables preliminary assessment of the extent to which the available observations meet the stated user requirements.Example observing system adequacy assessments are presented for two climate variables, sea surface temperature (SST) and marine air temperature (MAT) usingin situdata. The method is also applicable to gridded data sets constructed from combinedin situand satellite data. While the global metrics for SST show an improvement in observing system adequacy over time, the adequacy for MAT is declining. The assessments can determine the most efficient approach to improving observing system adequacy. Forin situSST the best approach would be to increase the number of different platforms making observations. For MAT, increasing the number of observations overall, regardless of platform and increasing the geographical coverage is required to reduce the uncertainty.The assessments would be improved by more extensive evaluation of uncertainties associated with each different variable for each platform type. It would also be beneficial to review the completeness of the user requirements: e.g. to include user requirements relating to the stability of averages on large space and timescales required for climate monitoring, or for constructing estimates of air–sea exchange.
海洋观测系统(ASMOS)评估:最终报告
DOI: --
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