Observation of processive telomerase catalysis using high-resolution optical tweezers

Observation of processive telomerase catalysis using high-resolution optical tweezers
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使用高分辨率光镊观察持续端粒酶催化作用

DOI:
10.1038/s41589-020-0478-0
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
14.8
通讯作者:
Schmidt, Jens C.
Schmidt, Jens C.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Patrick, Eric M.;Slivka, Joseph D.;Payne, Bramyn;Comstock, Matthew J.;Schmidt, Jens C.

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端粒酶维持端粒对于人类细胞的持续增殖是必不可少的,并且对于干细胞和90%的癌细胞的存活至关重要。为了补偿DNA复制过程中端粒DNA的丢失,端粒酶蛋白通过复制其RNA亚基内的模板区域将GGTTAG重复序列添加到染色体末端。在重复添加之间,RNA模板必须再循环。端粒酶如何在这一关键的易位步骤中与底物DNA保持结合仍是未知的。使用单分子端粒酶活性测定,利用高分辨率的光镊,我们证明了稳定的底物DNA结合在端粒酶内的锚位点促进端粒重复序列的进行性合成。由端粒酶合成的产物DNA可以被锚位点重新捕获或折叠成G-四链体结构。我们的研究结果为端粒酶催化提供了详细的机制见解,端粒酶催化是衰老和癌症中至关重要的过程。
Telomere maintenance by telomerase is essential for continuous proliferation of human cells and is vital for the survival of stem cells and 90% of cancer cells. To compensate for telomeric DNA lost during DNA replication, telomerase processively adds GGTTAG repeats to chromosome ends by copying the template region within its RNA subunit. Between repeat additions, the RNA template must be recycled. How telomerase remains associated with substrate DNA during this critical translocation step remains unknown. Using a single-molecule telomerase activity assay utilizing high-resolution optical tweezers, we demonstrate that stable substrate DNA binding at an anchor site within telomerase facilitates the processive synthesis of telomeric repeats. The product DNA synthesized by telomerase can be recaptured by the anchor site or fold into G-quadruplex structures. Our results provide detailed mechanistic insights into telomerase catalysis, a process of critical importance in aging and cancer.
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