Relief as a reward: hedonic and neural responses to safety from pain.
Relief as a reward: hedonic and neural responses to safety from pain.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0017870
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发表时间：
2011-04-07
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Tracey I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leknes S;Lee M;Berna C;Andersson J;Tracey I
解脱符合奖励的定义。与其他奖励类型不同，放松的愉悦取决于对消极期望的违背，但这还没有用神经成像方法进行研究。我们假设，消极预期的程度取决于状态（恐惧）和特质（悲观）的敏感性。在参与调节快乐的大脑区域中，丘脑核也会发出意想不到的奖励和积极的预测错误的信号。我们假设，情绪活动反映了消极预期和随后的愉快缓解的水平。使用功能磁共振成像和两个有目的的任务，我们比较了享乐和BOLD反应，以缓解与反应期间的食欲奖励任务在18名健康志愿者。我们预期任务反应中会有一些相似之处，反映了奖励类型之间涉及的共同神经基质。然而，我们也假设，救济反应将不同于食欲奖励的核丘，因为只有救济愉快依赖于负面的期望。结果证实了这些假设。救济和食欲奖励任务活动集中在腹内侧前额叶皮层，这也与食欲奖励愉快评级。相比之下，恐惧和悲观的分数与救济，但不与食欲奖励享乐。此外，只有救济愉快与Ekebens激活共变。重要的是，该信号似乎特别反映了预期不良事件（恐惧，悲观）的个体差异，但与食欲奖励享乐主义无关。总之，救济不同于食欲奖励，因为它依赖于负面的期望，违反这是反映在救济相关的兴奋激活。
Relief fits the definition of a reward. Unlike other reward types the pleasantness of relief depends on the violation of a negative expectation, yet this has not been investigated using neuroimaging approaches. We hypothesized that the degree of negative expectation depends on state (dread) and trait (pessimism) sensitivity. Of the brain regions that are involved in mediating pleasure, the nucleus accumbens also signals unexpected reward and positive prediction error. We hypothesized that accumbens activity reflects the level of negative expectation and subsequent pleasant relief. Using fMRI and two purpose-made tasks, we compared hedonic and BOLD responses to relief with responses during an appetitive reward task in 18 healthy volunteers. We expected some similarities in task responses, reflecting common neural substrates implicated across reward types. However, we also hypothesized that relief responses would differ from appetitive rewards in the nucleus accumbens, since only relief pleasantness depends on negative expectations. The results confirmed these hypotheses. Relief and appetitive reward task activity converged in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, which also correlated with appetitive reward pleasantness ratings. In contrast, dread and pessimism scores correlated with relief but not with appetitive reward hedonics. Moreover, only relief pleasantness covaried with accumbens activation. Importantly, the accumbens signal appeared to specifically reflect individual differences in anticipation of the adverse event (dread, pessimism) but was uncorrelated to appetitive reward hedonics. In conclusion, relief differs from appetitive rewards due to its reliance on negative expectations, the violation of which is reflected in relief-related accumbens activation.
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