Taste transduction and channel synapses in taste buds.
Taste transduction and channel synapses in taste buds.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00424-020-02464-4
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发表时间：
2021-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Foskett, J. Kevin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Taruno, Akiyuki;Nomura, Kengo;Kusakizako, Tsukasa;Ma, Zhongming;Nureki, Osamu;Foskett, J. Kevin
各种味觉，包括甜、鲜、苦、酸和咸，来自不同的味觉细胞，每个味觉细胞表达特定的味觉传感器分子和下游信号转导级联的相关组分。近年来，我们对味蕾中基本味觉转导的分子机制的理解取得了重大进展，包括鉴定了真正的酸味传感器H+通道OTOP 1，并阐明了咸味的阿米洛利敏感组分（钠的味道）和甜味的TAS 1 R独立组分（糖的味道）的转导。研究还发现了一种称为“通道突触”的非常规化学突触，其采用动作电位激活的CALHM 1/3离子通道而不是突触囊泡的胞吐作用作为神经递质释放的管道，将味觉细胞与传入神经元联系起来。通道突触的新图像和CALHM通道结构的确定为这种独特的突触提供了结构和功能方面的见解。本文就味觉信号转导和神经传递的研究进展作一综述。
The variety of taste sensations, including sweet, umami, bitter, sour, and salty, arises from diverse taste cells, each of which expresses specific taste sensor molecules and associated components for downstream signal transduction cascades. Recent years have witnessed major advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying transduction of basic tastes in taste buds, including the identification of the bona fide sour sensor H+ channel OTOP1, and elucidation of transduction of the amiloride-sensitive component of salty taste (the taste of sodium) and the TAS1R-independent component of sweet taste (the taste of sugar). Studies have also discovered an unconventional chemical synapse termed “channel synapse” which employs an action potential-activated CALHM1/3 ion channel instead of exocytosis of synaptic vesicles as the conduit for neurotransmitter release that links taste cells to afferent neurons. New images of the channel synapse and determinations of the structures of CALHM channels have provided structural and functional insights into this unique synapse. In this review, we discuss the current view of taste transduction and neurotransmission with emphasis on recent advances in the field.
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