Localism “Reimagined”: Building a Robust Localist Paradigm for Overcoming Emerging Conservation Challenges

Localism “Reimagined”: Building a Robust Localist Paradigm for Overcoming Emerging Conservation Challenges
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地方主义“重新构想”:建立强大的地方主义范式以克服新出现的保护挑战

DOI:
10.1007/s00267-020-01392-4
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Sponarski, Carly
Sponarski, Carly
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jansujwicz, Jessica Spelke;Calhoun, Aram J.;Bieluch, Karen Hutchins;McGreavy, Bridie;Silka, Linda;Sponarski, Carly

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联邦和州两级的治理差距越来越需要地方采取行动,并且仍然是以社区为基础的解决办法的关键驱动力。地方主义范式--包括基于社区的管理、公民科学和合作研究等模式--通过让公民参与、共同创造知识、促进信任和开发创新解决方案来应对复杂的保护挑战,为弥合治理差距提供了一种有希望的方法。然而,尽管取得了显著的成功,但重大障碍制约了地方主义方法的广泛实施。这在依赖自然资源的社区尤为明显。农村社区日益面临与快速气候和土地利用变化有关的一系列保护挑战,但他们往往缺乏能力支持基于当地的倡议,以便更好地预测、规划和缓解这些变化。我们研究了美国缅因州基于地方主义方法的四个不同的保护案例,以突出在不同的社会生态背景下影响结果的关键因素。我们从治理系统、社会适应能力以及技术和数据特征这三个经常讨论的维度对案例进行了比较,发现地方主义者的结果因这些维度中的关键指标而有很大差异。没有单一的方法来推进地方主义,但我们提供了多种方法来将基于社区的观点融入管理中。我们集体参与性研究项目的数据综合为最大限度地发挥地方主义保护方法在复杂的社会和生物物理领域的潜力提供了指导。
Governance gaps at both the federal and state level increasingly necessitate local action and remain a key driver of community-based solutions. A localist paradigm—encompassing models such as community-based management, citizen science, and cooperative research—offers a promising approach for bridging governance gaps by engaging citizens, co-producing knowledge, fostering trust, and developing innovative solutions to address complex conservation challenges. Yet, despite notable successes, significant barriers constrain widespread implementation of localist approaches. This is particularly evident in natural resource-dependent communities. Rural communities are increasingly faced with a range of conservation challenges related to rapid climate and land-use changes but often they lack the capacity to support locally based initiatives to better anticipate, plan for, and mitigate these changes. We examined four diverse conservation cases based on localist approaches in Maine, USA, to bring to the fore key factors that influence outcomes in different social-ecological contexts. We compared cases along three frequently discussed dimensions—governance systems, social adaptive capacities, and technology and data characteristics and found that localist outcomes vary widely depending on key metrics within each of these dimensions. There is no single way to advance localism, but we offer multiple ways to incorporate a community-based perspective into management. This synthesis of data from our collective participatory research projects provides guidance to maximize the potential of localist conservation approaches in complex social and biophysical arenas.
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