Theory of general balance applied to step wedge designs.

Theory of general balance applied to step wedge designs.
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DOI:
10.1002/sim.7960
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发表时间:
2019-01-30
影响因子:
2
通讯作者:
Bond S
Bond S
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bond S

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标准的理想化阶梯楔形设计满足观察单元结构方面的要求,被认为是平衡设计,可以标记为重复的交叉设计(与簇交叉的时间)。因此,Nelder的一般平衡理论可用于将方差分析分解为独立层(总均值、聚类、时间、聚类:时间、残差)。如果将时间视为固定效应,则仅在聚类和时间:聚类分层内估计关注的治疗效应;仅在时间分层内估计时间效应。这种分离直接导致标量(而非矩阵)代数操作,从而为治疗效应估计值的标准误差提供封闭形式的表达式。我们使用一般平衡理论提供的工具,在假设协方差结构包括时间和时间:聚类水平的随机效应的一般情况下,获得估计治疗效应的标准误的表达式。这提供了有助于实验设计的见解,关于随时间推移的集群内的假设相关性,集群数量和集群内复制的样本量,以及估计治疗效果的标准误的组成部分。
A standard idealized step‐wedge design satisfies the requirements, in terms of the structure of the observation units, to be considered a balanced design and can be labeled as a criss‐cross design (time crossed with cluster) with replication. As such, Nelder's theory of general balance can be used to decompose the analysis of variance into independent strata (grand mean, cluster, time, cluster:time, residuals). If time is considered as a fixed effect, then the treatment effect of interest is estimated solely within the cluster and time:cluster strata; the time effects are estimated solely within the time stratum. This separation leads directly to scalar, rather than matrix, algebraic manipulations to provide closed‐form expressions for standard errors of the treatment effect estimate. We use the tools provided by the theory of general balance to obtain an expression for the standard error of the estimated treatment effect in a general case where the assumed covariance structure includes random‐effects at the time and time:cluster levels. This provides insights that are helpful for experimental design regarding the assumed correlation within clusters over time, sample size in terms of numbers of clusters and replication within cluster, and components of the standard error for estimated treatment effect.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2006.05.007
发表时间: 2007-02-01
影响因子: 2.2
作者:
Hussey, Michael A.;Hughes, James P.
通讯作者: Hughes, James P.
DOI: 10.1002/sim.7403
发表时间: 2017-10-30
影响因子: 2
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