Why can't rodents vomit? A comparative behavioral, anatomical, and physiological study.
Why can't rodents vomit? A comparative behavioral, anatomical, and physiological study.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0060537
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Andrews PL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Horn CC;Kimball BA;Wang H;Kaus J;Dienel S;Nagy A;Gathright GR;Yates BJ;Andrews PL
呕吐（催吐）反射在许多哺乳动物物种中都有记载，包括灵长类动物和食肉动物，但实验室的大鼠和小鼠似乎没有这种反应。目前尚不清楚这些啮齿类动物不呕吐是因为解剖学上的限制（例如，相对较长的腹部食道）还是缺乏关键的神经回路。此外，目前尚不清楚实验室啮齿动物是否代表啮齿目动物的这种反射。在这里，我们对所有三个主要啮齿动物群体的成员进行了行为测试；与小鼠相关的物种（大鼠、小鼠、田鼠、海狸）、田鼠相关的物种（豚鼠、海狸鼠）和松鼠相关的物种（山狸）。典型的催吐剂，阿波啡（sc），缬草碱（sc）和硫酸铜（ig），在这些物种中不能产生干呕或呕吐（尽管注意到其他行为效应，例如运动）。这些啮齿类动物也有解剖学上的限制，这可能会限制呕吐的效率，包括膈肌的肌肉减少和胃的几何形状，与可以呕吐的物种（猫、雪貂和麝香鼩）相比，胃的结构不适合将内容物移动到食道。最后，使用原位脑干准备对口腔、食道和肩部肌肉运动以及膈神经活动（呕吐发作的关键特征）进行敏感测量。与麝鼠相比，实验小鼠和大鼠在典型的催吐刺激（树脂干扰素和迷走神经传入刺激）后没有表现出这些指标的任何共同协调作用。总的来说，结果表明不能呕吐是啮齿动物的普遍特征，而脑干神经系统成分的缺失是最可能的原因。讨论了这些发现对利用啮齿动物作为呕吐研究领域模型的意义。
The vomiting (emetic) reflex is documented in numerous mammalian species, including primates and carnivores, yet laboratory rats and mice appear to lack this response. It is unclear whether these rodents do not vomit because of anatomical constraints (e.g., a relatively long abdominal esophagus) or lack of key neural circuits. Moreover, it is unknown whether laboratory rodents are representative of Rodentia with regards to this reflex. Here we conducted behavioral testing of members of all three major groups of Rodentia; mouse-related (rat, mouse, vole, beaver), Ctenohystrica (guinea pig, nutria), and squirrel-related (mountain beaver) species. Prototypical emetic agents, apomorphine (sc), veratrine (sc), and copper sulfate (ig), failed to produce either retching or vomiting in these species (although other behavioral effects, e.g., locomotion, were noted). These rodents also had anatomical constraints, which could limit the efficiency of vomiting should it be attempted, including reduced muscularity of the diaphragm and stomach geometry that is not well structured for moving contents towards the esophagus compared to species that can vomit (cat, ferret, and musk shrew). Lastly, an in situ brainstem preparation was used to make sensitive measures of mouth, esophagus, and shoulder muscular movements, and phrenic nerve activity–key features of emetic episodes. Laboratory mice and rats failed to display any of the common coordinated actions of these indices after typical emetic stimulation (resiniferatoxin and vagal afferent stimulation) compared to musk shrews. Overall the results suggest that the inability to vomit is a general property of Rodentia and that an absent brainstem neurological component is the most likely cause. The implications of these findings for the utility of rodents as models in the area of emesis research are discussed.
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影响因子：
2.1
作者：
ANDREWS, PLR;DAVIS, CJ;MASKELL, L
通讯作者：
MASKELL, L
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Darmani, NA;Crim, JL
通讯作者：
Crim, JL
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
COSTALL, B;DOMENEY, AM;TATTERSALL, FD
通讯作者：
TATTERSALL, FD
DOI：
10.1152/ajpgi.1998.275.5.g1193
发表时间：
1998-11-01
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Furukawa, N;Fukuda, H;Shiroshita, Y
通讯作者：
Shiroshita, Y
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
DeStefino, V. J.;Reighard, D. A.;Yates, B. J.
通讯作者：
Yates, B. J.