Salmonella Biofilm Formation, Chronic Infection, and Immunity Within the Intestine and Hepatobiliary Tract.
Salmonella Biofilm Formation, Chronic Infection, and Immunity Within the Intestine and Hepatobiliary Tract.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcimb.2020.624622
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
McLachlan JB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harrell JE;Hahn MM;D'Souza SJ;Vasicek EM;Sandala JL;Gunn JS;McLachlan JB
在肠沙门氏菌的种类中，在众多亚种和血清型中存在显著的多样性。总的来说，这些微生物具有不同的宿主范围，从常见的植物和动物定植到极具致病性和人类特异性的血清型。尽管存在这些差异，但许多沙门氏菌在形成生物膜的能力和引起急性、潜伏性或慢性疾病的能力方面发现了共性。感染的确切结果取决于许多因素，如沙门氏菌的生长状态，感染时遇到的环境条件，以及被感染的宿主和引起的免疫反应。在这里，我们回顾了沙门氏菌的众多生物膜生活方式（在生物和非生物表面），以及细胞外聚合物物质的产生如何不仅增强了宿主外的长期持久性，而且在慢性人类感染中起着重要作用。此外，还仔细考虑了在初始感染期间允许肠道胞吞作用的事件，这与宿主免疫功能相结合，通常决定疾病的进展。伤寒沙门氏菌和非伤寒沙门氏菌都可引起慢性和/或继发性感染，因此讨论了对这两种细菌的适应性免疫反应，特别注意伤寒沙门氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和侵袭性非伤寒沙门氏菌之间的差异，这些差异可导致不同的免疫反应。最后，虽然我们对淋巴器官对沙门氏菌免疫的理解取得了长足的进步，但对肠道和肝胆免疫的明确研究却很少。通过检查我们目前的知识和有待确定的内容，我们为沙门氏菌免疫领域的新方向提供了见解，特别是因为它与慢性感染有关。
Within the species of Salmonella enterica, there is significant diversity represented among the numerous subspecies and serovars. Collectively, these account for microbes with variable host ranges, from common plant and animal colonizers to extremely pathogenic and human-specific serovars. Despite these differences, many Salmonella species find commonality in the ability to form biofilms and the ability to cause acute, latent, or chronic disease. The exact outcome of infection depends on many factors such as the growth state of Salmonella, the environmental conditions encountered at the time of infection, as well as the infected host and immune response elicited. Here, we review the numerous biofilm lifestyles of Salmonella (on biotic and abiotic surfaces) and how the production of extracellular polymeric substances not only enhances long-term persistence outside the host but also is an essential function in chronic human infections. Furthermore, careful consideration is made for the events during initial infection that allow for gut transcytosis which, in conjunction with host immune functions, often determine the progression of disease. Both typhoidal and non-typhoidal salmonellae can cause chronic and/or secondary infections, thus the adaptive immune responses to both types of bacteria are discussed with particular attention to the differences between Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Typhimurium, and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella that can result in differential immune responses. Finally, while strides have been made in our understanding of immunity to Salmonella in the lymphoid organs, fewer definitive studies exist for intestinal and hepatobiliary immunity. By examining our current knowledge and what remains to be determined, we provide insight into new directions in the field of Salmonella immunity, particularly as it relates to chronic infection.
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Jackson, Nicola P.;Kang, Yu Hui;Lapaque, Nicolas;Janssen, Hans;Trowsdale, John;Kelly, Adrian P.
通讯作者：
Kelly, Adrian P.