Urban air pollution produces up-regulation of myocardial inflammatory genes and dark chocolate provides cardioprotection.
Urban air pollution produces up-regulation of myocardial inflammatory genes and dark chocolate provides cardioprotection.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.etp.2010.09.002
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发表时间：
2012-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Calderón-Garcidueñas L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Villarreal-Calderon R;Reed W;Palacios-Moreno J;Keefe S;Herritt L;Brooks D;Torres-Jardón R;Calderón-Garcidueñas L
空气污染是一个严重的环境问题。老年受试者表现出与空气污染暴露相关的心脏病发病率和死亡率的增加。墨西哥城(MC)居民长期暴露在高浓度的细颗粒物(PM2.5)和PM相关脂多糖(PM-LPS)中。为了验证长期暴露在城市污染中会导致心肌炎症的假设，4周龄的雌性Balb-c小鼠被暴露在MC内两个截然不同的污染区域：西南(西南)和西北(NW)，为期16个月。每周3次，给SW小鼠不处理或巧克力2g/9.5 mg多酚。将结果与保持在清洁空气中的小鼠进行比较。用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检测关键炎症介质基因：环氧合酶-2(COX-2)、白介素1-β(IL-1β)、白介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(肿瘤坏死因子-α)和内毒素受体CD14(分化抗原14)。还探讨了核因子κB(核因子κB)、氧化应激和抗氧化防御基因。肿瘤坏死因子-α、IL-6和COX-2在正常小鼠和SWMC小鼠均显著升高(p=0.0001)。小鼠体内CD14表达上调，与高暴露于颗粒物相关的内毒素相一致。巧克力使肿瘤坏死因子-α(p<；0.0001)、IL-6(p=0.01)和IL-1β(p=0.02)的表达显著下调。抗氧化酶的上调和强大的氧化酶、Toll样受体和促凋亡信号基因的下调完成了保护作用。暴露在空气污染中会导致炎性心肌基因的上调，而内毒素在炎症反应中起着关键作用。在空气污染环境中，经常食用黑巧克力可能会减少心肌炎症，并具有心脏保护作用。
Air pollution is a serious environmental problem. Elderly subjects show increased cardiac morbidity and mortality associated with air pollution exposure. Mexico City (MC) residents are chronically exposed to high concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and PM-associated lipopolysaccharides (PM-LPS). To test the hypothesis that chronic exposure to urban pollution produces myocardial inflammation, female Balb-c mice age 4 weeks were exposed for 16 months to two distinctly different polluted areas within MC: Southwest (SW) and Northwest (NW). SW mice were given either no treatment or chocolate 2g/9.5 mg polyphenols/3 times per week. Results were compared to mice kept in clean air. Key inflammatory mediator genes: cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the LPS receptor CD14 (cluster of differentiation antigen 14) were measured by real time polymerase chain reaction. Also explored were target NFκB (Nuclear Factor κ B), oxidative stress and antioxidant defense genes. TNF-α, IL-6, and COX-2 were significantly increased in both NW and SWMC mice (p=0.0001). CD14 was up-regulated in SW mice in keeping with the high exposures to particulate matter associated endotoxin. Chocolate administration resulted in a significant down-regulation of TNF-α (p<0.0001), IL-6 (p=0.01), and IL-1β (p=0.02). The up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes and the down-regulation of potent oxidases, toll-like receptors, and pro-apoptotic signaling genes completed the protective profile. Exposure to air pollution produces up-regulation of inflammatory myocardial genes and endotoxin plays a key role in the inflammatory response. Regular consumption of dark chocolate may reduce myocardial inflammation and have cardioprotective properties in the setting of air pollution exposures.
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影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Estrada-Garcia, T;Cerna, JF;Lopez-Saucedo, C
通讯作者：
Lopez-Saucedo, C
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Bujak, Marcin;Frangogiannis, Nikolaos G.
通讯作者：
Frangogiannis, Nikolaos G.
影响因子：
5
作者：
Gurantz, D;Cowling, RT;Greenberg, BH
通讯作者：
Greenberg, BH
DOI：
10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00331.x
发表时间：
2008-12-01
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Akita, Megumi;Kuwahara, Masayoshi;Tsubone, Hirokazu
通讯作者：
Tsubone, Hirokazu
DOI：
10.1165/ajrcmb.19.4.3176
发表时间：
1998-10-01
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Bonner, JC;Rice, AB;Osornio-Vargas, AR
通讯作者：
Osornio-Vargas, AR