Large decline in injecting drug use in Amsterdam, 1986–1998: explanatory mechanisms and determinants of injecting transitions

Large decline in injecting drug use in Amsterdam, 1986–1998: explanatory mechanisms and determinants of injecting transitions
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1986 年至 1998 年阿姆斯特丹注射吸毒人数大幅下降:注射转变的解释机制和决定因素

DOI:
10.1136/jech.55.5.356
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发表时间:
2001
影响因子:
6.3
通讯作者:
R. Coutinho
R. Coutinho
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
E. V. van Ameijden;R. Coutinho

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目的研究社区注射流行趋势、注射过渡趋势和决定因素。设计开放队列研究,每4个月随访一次(阿姆斯特丹队列研究)。采用广义估计方程进行统计分析。阿姆斯特丹采取了减少危害的方法作为毒品政策。参与者是1986年至1998年期间招募的996名吸毒者,主要来自美沙酮项目,他们进行了13620次队列访问。主要结果注射率呈指数下降(4 ~ 6个月为66% ~ 36%)。选择性死亡和迁徙最多可以解释33%的下降。相反,注射开始呈线性下降(每次访问4.1%至0.7%),停止呈指数增长(10.0%至17.1%),复发呈线性下降(21.3%至11.8%)。非注射可卡因的使用(主要是预煮的,与快克相当)和海洛因的使用大幅增加。趋势不能归因于研究样本的变化。结论减少危害,包括大规模针头交换计划,不会导致注射吸毒的增加。注射毒品的减少似乎主要归因于生态因素(例如毒品文化和市场)。预防注射是可能的,基于同伴的干预措施可能是有效的。最近可卡因使用激增的后果需要进一步研究。
OBJECTIVES To study community wide trends in injecting prevalence and trends in injecting transitions, and determinants. DESIGN Open cohort study with follow up every four months (Amsterdam Cohort Study). Generalised estimating equations were used for statistical analysis. SETTING Amsterdam has adopted a harm reduction approach as drug policy. PARTICIPANTS 996 drug users who were recruited from 1986 to 1998, mainly at methadone programmes, who paid 13 620 cohort visits. MAIN RESULTS The prevalence of injecting decreased exponentially (66% to 36% in four to six monthly periods). Selective mortality and migration could maximally explain 33% of this decline. Instead, injecting initiation linearly decreased (4.1% to 0.7% per visit), cessation exponentially increased (10.0% to 17.1%), and relapse linearly decreased (21.3% to 11.8%). Non-injecting cocaine use (mainly pre-cooked, comparable to crack) and heroin use strongly increased. Trends were not attributable to changes in the study sample. CONCLUSIONS Harm reduction, including large scale needle exchange programmes, does not lead to an increase in injecting drug use. The injecting decline seems mainly attributable to ecological factors (for example, drug culture and market). Prevention of injecting is possible and peer-based interventions may be effective. The consequences of the recent upsurge in crack use requires further study.
DOI: 10.1016/0899-3289(92)90023-q
发表时间: 1992
期刊: Journal of substance abuse
影响因子: --
作者:
Dinwiddie,SH;Reich,T;Cloninger,CR
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DOI: --
发表时间: 1995
期刊: AIDS (London, England)
影响因子: --
作者:
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DOI: 10.2105/ajph.86.5.655
发表时间: 1996-05-01
影响因子: 12.7
作者:
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DOI: --
发表时间: 1998
期刊: AIDS (London, England)
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作者:
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通讯作者: Alcabes,P