Large decline in injecting drug use in Amsterdam, 1986–1998: explanatory mechanisms and determinants of injecting transitions
Large decline in injecting drug use in Amsterdam, 1986–1998: explanatory mechanisms and determinants of injecting transitions
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1986 年至 1998 年阿姆斯特丹注射吸毒人数大幅下降:注射转变的解释机制和决定因素
DOI:
10.1136/jech.55.5.356
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发表时间:
2001
影响因子:
6.3
通讯作者:
R. Coutinho
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
E. V. van Ameijden;R. Coutinho
OBJECTIVES To study community wide trends in injecting prevalence and trends in injecting transitions, and determinants. DESIGN Open cohort study with follow up every four months (Amsterdam Cohort Study). Generalised estimating equations were used for statistical analysis. SETTING Amsterdam has adopted a harm reduction approach as drug policy. PARTICIPANTS 996 drug users who were recruited from 1986 to 1998, mainly at methadone programmes, who paid 13 620 cohort visits. MAIN RESULTS The prevalence of injecting decreased exponentially (66% to 36% in four to six monthly periods). Selective mortality and migration could maximally explain 33% of this decline. Instead, injecting initiation linearly decreased (4.1% to 0.7% per visit), cessation exponentially increased (10.0% to 17.1%), and relapse linearly decreased (21.3% to 11.8%). Non-injecting cocaine use (mainly pre-cooked, comparable to crack) and heroin use strongly increased. Trends were not attributable to changes in the study sample. CONCLUSIONS Harm reduction, including large scale needle exchange programmes, does not lead to an increase in injecting drug use. The injecting decline seems mainly attributable to ecological factors (for example, drug culture and market). Prevention of injecting is possible and peer-based interventions may be effective. The consequences of the recent upsurge in crack use requires further study.
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DOI:
10.1016/0899-3289(92)90023-q
发表时间:
1992
期刊:
Journal of substance abuse
影响因子:
--
作者:
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DOI:
10.1001/jama.1994.03510260053028
发表时间:
1994-01
期刊:
JAMA
影响因子:
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作者:
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DOI:
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发表时间:
1995
期刊:
AIDS (London, England)
影响因子:
--
作者:
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通讯作者:
Coutinho,RA
影响因子:
12.7
作者:
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DOI:
--
发表时间:
1998
期刊:
AIDS (London, England)
影响因子:
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作者:
Drucker,E;Lurie,P;Wodak,A;Alcabes,P
通讯作者:
Alcabes,P