The Effector Function of Allergens.

The Effector Function of Allergens.
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DOI:
10.3389/falgy.2022.818732
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Dreskin SC
Dreskin SC
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hazebrouck S;Canon N;Dreskin SC

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过敏原是在易感个体中产生IgE应答(致敏)的抗原。过敏原的过敏原性可以根据其致敏能力以及其交联肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞上的IgE/IgE受体复合物导致释放预先形成的和新形成的介质(效应子活性)的能力来考虑。负责致敏的过敏原的身份可能与引起过敏反应的过敏原不同。效应子活性由以下决定:(1)特异性IgE(sIgE)的量,在某些情况下,sIgE与总IgE的比率,(2)细胞表面上IgE(FcεR1)的高亲和力受体的数量,(3)sIgE与其表位结合的亲和力,以及在多克隆应答中的集体亲合力,(4)过敏原上IgE结合表位的数量和空间关系,和(5)IgG的存在,其可以结合过敏原并阻断sIgE的结合和/或激活激活细胞内抑制途径的低亲和力IgG受体。本文将讨论这些重要的免疫和物理特性,有助于过敏原的效应活性。
Allergens are antigens that generate an IgE response (sensitization) in susceptible individuals. The allergenicity of an allergen can be thought of in terms of its ability to sensitize as well as its ability to cross-link IgE/IgE receptor complexes on mast cells and basophils leading to release of preformed and newly formed mediators (effector activity). The identity of the allergens responsible for sensitization may be different from those that elicit an allergic response. Effector activity is determined by (1) the amount of specific IgE (sIgE) and in some circumstances the ratio of sIgE to total IgE, (2) the number of high affinity receptors for IgE (FcεR1) on the cell surface, (3) the affinity of binding of sIgE for its epitope and, in a polyclonal response, the collective avidity, (4) the number and spatial relationships of IgE binding epitopes on the allergen and (5) the presence of IgG that can bind to allergen and either block binding of sIgE and/or activate low affinity IgG receptors that activate intracellular inhibitory pathways. This review will discuss these important immunologic and physical properties that contribute to the effector activity of allergens.
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