Recent advances in polar low research: current knowledge, challenges and future perspectives
Recent advances in polar low research: current knowledge, challenges and future perspectives
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极地低层研究的最新进展：当前知识、挑战和未来前景
DOI：
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Gachon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Marta Moreno;R. Laprise;P. Gachon
摘要 极地低气压（PL）是高纬度强烈的海洋中尺度天气系统，在冷空气爆发期间在海冰边缘附近或冰雪覆盖的大陆附近的开阔水域形成。 PL 对沿海和岛屿社区、交通和海上钻井平台构成威胁。 PL主要发生在寒冷季节，其频率表现出较大的年际变化。由于常规观测数据稀疏且在高纬度地区分布不均匀，极轨卫星观测数据是研究极地轨道观测数据的主要来源。由于这些系统尺寸小且寿命短，PL 预测长期以来一直是一个挑战。然而，随着高分辨率大气模型的出现，PL 在数值模型中的表示已经显着改善。多项研究表明，斜压不稳定性和对流在PLs的发展中发挥着重要作用，但对PLs形成和强化所涉及的物理机制的透彻理解仍有待发展。表面感热通量和潜热释放在 PL 开发中的相关作用经常被强调。来自海洋表面和与 PL 相关的非绝热通量会导致海面温度 (SST) 下降，而强风速会导致存在海洋温度反转的区域的上层海洋混合。预计与人为气候变化相关的全球变暖可能会导致大气静态稳定性增加，从而影响PLs的气候学。在北大西洋，随着季节性海冰边缘向高纬度地区迁移，PL 活动区域将向北移动，PL 发生频率将会降低。尽管我们对 PL 的了解在过去几十年中显着增加，但仍然有许多未解答的问题。 PL 研究中最紧迫的问题之一是需要确定定义 PL 的客观标准，并设计一个 PL 检测和跟踪的国际比对项目。
Abstract Polar lows (PLs) are high-latitude intense maritime mesoscale weather systems that develop over open water near the sea ice margin or near snow-covered continents during cold air outbreaks. PLs pose a threat to coastal and island communities, transportation and offshore drilling platforms. PLs mainly develop during the cold season and their frequency exhibits a large interannual variability. Observations from polar-orbiting satellites are the main source of observational data to study PLs since conventional observations are sparse and unevenly distributed in high latitudes. PL forecasting has long remained a challenge due to the small size and short lifetime of these systems. Nevertheless, the representation of PLs in numerical models has significantly improved with the advent of high-resolution atmospheric models. Several studies have shown that baroclinic instability and convection play an important role in the development of PLs, but a thorough understanding of the physical mechanisms involved in the formation and intensification of PLs is yet to be developed. The relevant role of surface sensible heat flux and latent heat release in PL development has often been highlighted. The diabatic fluxes from the oceanic surface and associated with PLs can cause a decrease in the sea surface temperature (SST), whereas the strong wind speeds can lead to upper-ocean mixing in regions where an ocean temperature inversion is present. It is expected that global warming associated with anthropogenic climate changes may lead to an increase in the static stability of the atmosphere, thus affecting the climatology of PLs. In the North Atlantic the regions of PL activity will shift northwards as seasonal sea-ice margins migrate towards higher latitudes areas, and the frequency of PLs will decrease. Although our knowledge about PLs has significantly increased during the last decades, the are still many unanswered questions. Among the most pressing issues in PL research are the need to determine the objective criteria that define PLs and to devise an international intercomparison project of PL detection and tracking.
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影响因子：
8
作者：
Bromwich, D. H.;Wilson, A. B.;Walsh, J. E.
通讯作者：
Walsh, J. E.
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Notz, Dirk;Doerr, Jakob;Vancoppenolle, Martin
通讯作者：
Vancoppenolle, Martin
影响因子：
8
作者：
U. Neu;M. G. Akperov;Nina Bellenbaum;R. Benestad;R. Blender;R. Caballero;A. Cocozza;H. Dacre;Yang Feng;K. Fraedrich;J. Grieger;S. Gulev;J. Hanley;T. Hewson;M. Inatsu;K. Keay;S. Kew;I. Kindem;G. Leckebusch;M. Liberato;P. Lionello;I. Mokhov;J. Pinto;C. Raible;M. Reale;I. Rudeva;M. Schuster;I. Simmonds;M. Sinclair;M. Sprenger;N. Tilinina;I. Trigo;S. Ulbrich;U. Ulbrich;Xiaolan L. Wang;H. Wernli
通讯作者：
U. Neu;M. G. Akperov;Nina Bellenbaum;R. Benestad;R. Blender;R. Caballero;A. Cocozza;H. Dacre;Yang Feng;K. Fraedrich;J. Grieger;S. Gulev;J. Hanley;T. Hewson;M. Inatsu;K. Keay;S. Kew;I. Kindem;G. Leckebusch;M. Liberato;P. Lionello;I. Mokhov;J. Pinto;C. Raible;M. Reale;I. Rudeva;M. Schuster;I. Simmonds;M. Sinclair;M. Sprenger;N. Tilinina;I. Trigo;S. Ulbrich;U. Ulbrich;Xiaolan L. Wang;H. Wernli
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Fuqing Zhang;Y. Q. Sun;L. Magnusson;R. Buizza;Shian‐Jiann Lin;Jan‐Huey Chen;K. Emanuel
通讯作者：
Fuqing Zhang;Y. Q. Sun;L. Magnusson;R. Buizza;Shian‐Jiann Lin;Jan‐Huey Chen;K. Emanuel
地形和海冰对极地低压发展的修正
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Renfrew I
通讯作者：
Renfrew I