Drosophila female germline stem cells undergo mitosis without nuclear breakdown.

Drosophila female germline stem cells undergo mitosis without nuclear breakdown.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.033
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发表时间:
2021-04-12
期刊:
Current biology : CB
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Geyer PK
Geyer PK
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Duan T;Cupp R;Geyer PK

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干细胞稳态需要核层(NL)完整性。在果蝇生殖细胞中,NL 完整性受损会激活 ATR 和 Chk2 检查点激酶,阻碍生殖细胞分化并导致生殖干细胞 (GSC) 损失。检查点激活发生在 NL 蛋白 emerin 或其伙伴自整合屏障因子(有丝分裂结束时核重新组装所需的两种蛋白质)丢失时。在这里,我们研究了有丝分裂如何导致与检查点激活相关的 NL 结构缺陷。这些分析带来了一个意外的发现,即野生型雌性 GSC 利用非典型的有丝分裂模式,即保留可渗透但完整的核膜和 NL 的模式。我们发现,间期 NL 在有丝分裂过程中被重塑,以插入中心体,使有丝分裂纺锤体在细胞核的范围内成核。我们发现,NL 成分的耗尽或丢失会导致有丝分裂缺陷,包括与中心体定位和结构改变相关的染色体分离受损。此外,在 emerin 突变型 GSC 中,中心体仍然嵌入间期 NL 中。值得注意的是,这些嵌入的中心体携带大量的中心粒周围物质和有核星形微管,揭示了艾默林在中心体结构调节中的作用。上位性研究表明,中心体结构的缺陷位于检查点激活的上游,这表明这些中心体缺陷可能会触发检查点激活和 GSC 丢失。 NL 蛋白和中心体功能之间的联系对其他干细胞群中 NL 功能障碍相关的机制具有影响,包括核纤层蛋白病等 NL 相关疾病。核层(NL)在干细胞稳态中的功能尚不清楚。段等人。表明干细胞在具有可渗透但完整的 NL 的情况下进行有丝分裂,这使它们对 NL 缺陷敏感。 NL 成分的丢失会导致有丝分裂缺陷和间期中心体结构的变化,以及与 NL 检查点激活和干细胞丢失相关的变化。
Stem cell homeostasis requires nuclear lamina (NL) integrity. In Drosophila germ cells, compromised NL integrity activates the ATR and Chk2 checkpoint kinases, blocking germ cell differentiation and causing germline stem cell (GSC) loss. Checkpoint activation occurs upon loss of either the NL protein emerin or its partner Barrier-to-autointegration factor, two proteins required for nuclear reassembly at the end of mitosis. Here, we examined how mitosis contributes to NL structural defects linked to checkpoint activation. These analyses led to the unexpected discovery that wild type female GSCs utilize a non-canonical mode of mitosis, one that retains a permeable, but intact nuclear envelope and NL. We show that the interphase NL is remodeled during mitosis for insertion of centrosomes that nucleate the mitotic spindle within the confines of the nucleus. We show that depletion or loss of NL components causes mitotic defects, including compromised chromosome segregation associated with altered centrosome positioning and structure. Further, in emerin mutant GSCs, centrosomes remain embedded in the interphase NL. Notably, these embedded centrosomes carry large amounts of pericentriolar material and nucleate astral microtubules, revealing a role for emerin in the regulation of centrosome structure. Epistasis studies demonstrate that defects in centrosome structure are upstream of checkpoint activation, suggesting that these centrosome defects might trigger checkpoint activation and GSC loss. Connections between NL proteins and centrosome function have implications for mechanisms associated with NL dysfunction in other stem cell populations, including NL associated diseases such as laminopathies. Nuclear lamina (NL) function in stem cell homeostasis is unclear. Duan et al. show that stem cells undergo mitosis with a permeable, but intact NL, which sensitizes them to NL defects. Loss of NL components causes mitotic defects and changes in interphase centrosome structure, alterations linked to a NL checkpoint activation and stem cell loss.
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发表时间: 2016-07-01
影响因子: 2.7
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