An Overview of Epigenetics in Obesity: The Role of Lifestyle and Therapeutic Interventions.
An Overview of Epigenetics in Obesity: The Role of Lifestyle and Therapeutic Interventions.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms23031341
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发表时间：
2022-01-25
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Mahmoud AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mahmoud AM
肥胖已经成为一种全球性的流行病，对人口健康和国家经济产生了负面影响。遗传倾向已被证明在肥胖中所见的能量代谢不平衡中起着重要作用。然而，这些基因变异并不能完全解释过去几十年来肥胖人数的大幅增长。越来越多的证据表明，现代生活方式的特点，如摄入高能量食物，采取久坐不动的行为，或暴露于环境因素，如工业内分泌干扰物，都是导致肥胖流行的原因。DNA及其改变的最新研究进展大大增加了我们对表观遗传学在调节肥胖和代谢性疾病的能量代谢和消耗方面的功能的理解。这些表观遗传修饰在不改变DNA序列的情况下影响DNA的转录方式。它们是动态的，反映了身体和周围环境之间的相互作用。值得注意的是，这些表观遗传变化是可逆的，使它们成为治疗和纠正干预的有吸引力的目标。在这篇综述中，我讨论了这些表观遗传修饰如何导致肥胖的能量代谢紊乱，以及生活方式和减肥策略以及药物在多大程度上可以通过恢复正常的表观遗传谱来恢复能量平衡。
Obesity has become a global epidemic that has a negative impact on population health and the economy of nations. Genetic predispositions have been demonstrated to have a substantial role in the unbalanced energy metabolism seen in obesity. However, these genetic variations cannot entirely explain the massive growth in obesity over the last few decades. Accumulating evidence suggests that modern lifestyle characteristics such as the intake of energy-dense foods, adopting sedentary behavior, or exposure to environmental factors such as industrial endocrine disruptors all contribute to the rising obesity epidemic. Recent advances in the study of DNA and its alterations have considerably increased our understanding of the function of epigenetics in regulating energy metabolism and expenditure in obesity and metabolic diseases. These epigenetic modifications influence how DNA is transcribed without altering its sequence. They are dynamic, reflecting the interplay between the body and its surroundings. Notably, these epigenetic changes are reversible, making them appealing targets for therapeutic and corrective interventions. In this review, I discuss how these epigenetic modifications contribute to the disordered energy metabolism in obesity and to what degree lifestyle and weight reduction strategies and pharmacological drugs can restore energy balance by restoring normal epigenetic profiles.
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