How you perceive threat determines your behavior.
How you perceive threat determines your behavior.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2013.00632
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Pereira MG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fernandes O Jr;Portugal LC;Alves RC;Campagnoli RR;Mocaiber I;David IP;Erthal FC;Volchan E;de Oliveira L;Pereira MG
处理情绪刺激的优先级通常会对任务绩效产生有害影响，当它从任务中分心时。一种常见的解释是，大脑资源被情绪刺激消耗，从而将资源从执行任务中转移出来。观察不愉快的刺激也会产生防御反应，这些反应可能至少部分地负责在各种反应时间（RT）范式中观察到的情绪调节的效果。我们调查是否调制效应RT变化，如果我们提出的威胁刺激，以促使不同的防御反应。为了触发不同的反应，我们通过移动威胁刺激的方向来操纵威胁感知。威胁性或中性刺激作为干扰在酒吧方向歧视任务。结果表明，威胁刺激指向观察者产生RT的减少，相反，威胁刺激指向远离观察者产生RT的增加，相比，中性刺激。加速RT在直接向威胁刺激归因于增加电机准备导致强烈激活的防御反应级联。相比之下，直接的威胁刺激可能会激活防御级联，但强度较低，促使不动。不同的威胁刺激产生不同的效果，这被解释为证据，RT的调制由情绪刺激代表的注意和动机的影响的总和。此外，参与者谁曾接触到不同类型的暴力犯罪更强烈的影响，直接向观察员的威胁刺激。总而言之，我们的数据支持这样一个概念，即情绪确实是行动倾向。
The prioritization of processing emotional stimuli usually produces deleterious effects on task performance when it distracts from a task. One common explanation is that brain resources are consumed by emotional stimuli, diverting resources away from executing the task. Viewing unpleasant stimuli also generates defensive reactions, and these responses may be at least partially responsible for the effect of the emotional modulation observed in various reaction time (RT) paradigms. We investigated whether modulatory effects on RT vary if we presented threat stimuli to prompt different defensive responses. To trigger different responses, we manipulated threat perception by moving the direction of threatening stimuli. Threatening or neutral stimuli were presented as distractors during a bar orientation discrimination task. The results demonstrated that threat stimuli directed toward the observer produced a decrease in RT; in contrast, threat stimuli directed away from the observer produced an increase in RT, when compared to neutral stimuli. Accelerated RT during directed toward threat stimuli was attributed to increased motor preparation resulting from strong activation of the defense response cascade. In contrast, directed away threat stimuli likely activated the defense cascade, but less intensively, prompting immobility. Different threat stimuli produced varying effects, which was interpreted as evidence that the modulation of RT by emotional stimuli represents the summation of attentional and motivational effects. Additionally, participants who had been previously exposed to diverse types of violent crime were more strongly influenced by threat stimuli directed toward the observer. In sum, our data support the concept that emotions are indeed action tendencies.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Azevedo, TM;Volchan, E;Vargas, CD
通讯作者：
Vargas, CD
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Bradley, Margaret M.;Hamby, Steven;Lang, Peter J.
通讯作者：
Lang, Peter J.
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Hartikainen, KM;Ogawa, KH;Knight, RT
通讯作者：
Knight, RT
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
DIMBERG, U;OHMAN, A
通讯作者：
OHMAN, A
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Anderson, AK;Phelps, EA
通讯作者：
Phelps, EA