Evaluating retinal ganglion cell loss and dysfunction.
Evaluating retinal ganglion cell loss and dysfunction.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.exer.2016.08.006
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发表时间：
2016-10
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Tomarev, Stanislav
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mead, Ben;Tomarev, Stanislav
关键词：
视网膜神经节细胞（RGC）承担将视觉刺激传播到大脑的唯一责任。它们的轴突组成视神经，从视网膜通过筛板投射到大脑，在啮齿类动物中，在上级丘形成突触之前，几乎完全在视交叉。对于许多创伤性和退行性眼部病症，RGC的功能障碍和/或丧失是视力丧失的主要决定因素，并且是目前实验疗法研究中的可测量终点。为了在啮齿动物模型中实际测量这些终点，技术必须确定存活的RGC的数量及其功能能力。定量技术包括RGC的表型标记物、逆行转运荧光团和视网膜厚度的形态学测量，而功能评估包括视网膜电图（闪光和图案）和视觉诱发电位。不能低估这些技术的准确性和可靠性的重要性，也不能低估RGC死亡和功能障碍之间的关系。多达30种RGC的存在使测量过程变得复杂，特别是因为这些RGC对疾病和治疗的反应可能不同。由于上述技术可能选择性地识别和忽略特定的亚群，其作为RGC存活和功能的测量的适当性可能进一步受到限制。本文综述了上述技术的亚型特异性的背景下。
Retinal ganglion cells (RGC) bear the sole responsibility of propagating visual stimuli to the brain. Their axons, which make up the optic nerve, project from the retina to the brain through the lamina cribrosa and in rodents, decussate almost entirely at the optic chiasm before synapsing at the superior colliculus. For many traumatic and degenerative ocular conditions, the dysfunction and/or loss of RGC is the primary determinant of visual loss and are the measurable endpoints in current research into experimental therapies. To actually measure these endpoints in rodent models, techniques must ascertain both the quantity of surviving RGC and their functional capacity. Quantification techniques include phenotypic markers of RGC, retrogradely transported fluorophores and morphological measurements of retinal thickness whereas functional assessments include electroretinography (flash and pattern) and visual evoked potential. The importance of the accuracy and reliability of these techniques cannot be understated, nor can the relationship between RGC death and dysfunction. The existence of up to 30 types of RGC complicates the measuring process, particularly as these may respond differently to disease and treatment. Since the above techniques may selectively identify and ignore particular subpopulations, their appropriateness as measures of RGC survival and function may be further limited. This review discusses the above techniques in the context of their subtype specificity.
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