Interactive effects of temperature, food and skeletal mineralogy mediate biological responses to ocean acidification in a widely distributed bryozoan

Interactive effects of temperature, food and skeletal mineralogy mediate biological responses to ocean acidification in a widely distributed bryozoan
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温度、食物和骨骼矿物学的相互作用影响广泛分布的苔藓虫对海洋酸化的生物反应

DOI:
10.1098/rspb.2016.2349
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Sanford, Eric
Sanford, Eric
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Swezey, Daniel S.;Bean, Jessica R.;Ninokawa, Aaron T.;Hill, Tessa M.;Gaylord, Brian;Sanford, Eric

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由于这种碳酸钙的溶解度较高,具有由高镁方解石制成的骨骼的海洋无脊椎动物可能特别容易受到海洋酸化(OA)的影响。然而,某些物种的骨骼组成可能会发生塑性变化,而且目前尚不清楚多个海洋学参数的同时变化将如何相互作用,从而影响骨骼矿物学、生长和未来骨关节炎的脆弱性。我们通过在溶解二氧化碳 (CO2)、温度和食物浓度的因子组合下培养苔藓动物结核果冻菌(以前称为结核膜虫)的基因克隆来探索这些相互作用的影响。高二氧化碳和低温导致菌落中的类动物退化。然而,在这些不利条件下,菌落仍然保持高生长效率,这表明一种补偿性权衡,即菌落在压力下退化更多的类动物,将能量重新用于新类动物的生长和维持。低食物浓度和升高的温度也对骨骼矿物学产生交互影响,导致骨骼方解石含有较高浓度的镁,在高二氧化碳下很容易溶解。对于骨骼镁浓度调节较弱的类群来说,骨骼溶解可能是比目前记录的更为普遍的现象,并且随着海洋持续变暖和酸化,这一现象日益引起人们的关注。
Marine invertebrates with skeletons made of high-magnesium calcite may be especially susceptible to ocean acidification (OA) due to the elevated solubility of this form of calcium carbonate. However, skeletal composition can vary plastically within some species, and it is largely unknown how concurrent changes in multiple oceanographic parameters will interact to affect skeletal mineralogy, growth and vulnerability to future OA. We explored these interactive effects by culturing genetic clones of the bryozoanJellyella tuberculata(formerlyMembranipora tuberculata) under factorial combinations of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2), temperature and food concentrations. High CO2and cold temperature induced degeneration of zooids in colonies. However, colonies still maintained high growth efficiencies under these adverse conditions, indicating a compensatory trade-off whereby colonies degenerate more zooids under stress, redirecting energy to the growth and maintenance of new zooids. Low-food concentration and elevated temperatures also had interactive effects on skeletal mineralogy, resulting in skeletal calcite with higher concentrations of magnesium, which readily dissolved under high CO2. For taxa that weakly regulate skeletal magnesium concentration, skeletal dissolution may be a more widespread phenomenon than is currently documented and is a growing concern as oceans continue to warm and acidify.
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