Mechanisms of Spectral Tuning in Blue Cone Visual Pigments

Mechanisms of Spectral Tuning in Blue Cone Visual Pigments
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蓝锥视觉颜料的光谱调谐机制

DOI:
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发表时间:
1998
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
T. Sakmar
T. Sakmar
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Steven W. Lin;G. Kochendoerfer;Kate S. Carroll;Dorothy Wang;R. Mathies;T. Sakmar

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视色素的光谱调谐涉及通过组成发色团结合口袋的氨基酸侧链调节发色团(11-顺式-视黄醛)的物理性质。我们确定了12个氨基酸残基在人类蓝锥色素,可能会导致所需的绿色到蓝色的视蛋白转变。视紫红质中的9个位点(M86 L、G90 S、A117 G、E122 L、A124 T、W265 Y、A292 S、A295 S和A299 C)的同时取代,使最大吸收从500 nm移动到438 nm,占视紫红质和蓝锥色素之间视蛋白位移的2,830 cm−1或80%。突变体色素的拉曼光谱表明,生色团结合口袋的介电特性和架构被专门改变。通过长程偶极-偶极库仑相互作用,在视黄醛的质子化席夫碱附近偶极侧链的数目的增加了基态-激发态能隙。此外,W265 Y取代导致发色团环结构附近的溶剂极化率降低。最后,跨膜螺旋3上的两个取代(A117 G和E122 L)与其他取代组合作用以改变结合口袋结构,导致质子化的席夫碱基团与周围的偶极基团和反离子的更强的相互作用。综上所述,这些结果确定了负责蓝色视色素中大部分视蛋白移位的氨基酸侧链和潜在的物理机制。
Spectral tuning by visual pigments involves the modulation of the physical properties of the chromophore (11-cis-retinal) by amino acid side chains that compose the chromophore-binding pocket. We identified 12 amino acid residues in the human blue cone pigment that might induce the required green-to-blue opsin shift. The simultaneous substitution of nine of these sites in rhodopsin (M86L, G90S, A117G, E122L, A124T, W265Y, A292S, A295S, and A299C) shifted the absorption maximum from 500 to 438 nm, accounting for 2,830 cm−1, or 80%, of the opsin shift between rhodopsin and the blue cone pigment. Raman spectroscopy of mutant pigments shows that the dielectric character and architecture of the chromophore-binding pocket are specifically altered. An increase in the number of dipolar side chains near the protonated Schiff base of retinal increases the ground-excited state energy gap via long range dipole-dipole Coulomb interaction. In addition, the W265Y substitution causes a decrease in solvent polarizability near the chromophore ring structure. Finally, two substitutions on transmembrane helix 3 (A117G and E122L) act in combination with the other substitutions to alter the binding-pocket structure, resulting in stronger interaction of the protonated Schiff base group with the surrounding dipolar groups and the counterion. Taken together, these results identify the amino acid side chains and the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for a majority of the opsin shift in blue visual pigments.
视紫红质中视网膜质子化席夫碱抗衡离子的定位。
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影响因子: 2.9
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发表时间: 1989-11
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