Rediscovering, Reevaluating, and Restoring Lost River-Wetland Corridors
Rediscovering, Reevaluating, and Restoring Lost River-Wetland Corridors
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重新发现、重新评估和恢复消失的河流湿地走廊
DOI：
10.3389/feart.2021.653623
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Thorne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Wohl;J. Castro;B. Cluer;D. Merritts;Paul D. Powers;B. Staab;C. Thorne
河流-湿地走廊形成于地表（流）和次表层（潜流）之间高度连通的地方，形成了一个由渠道、湿地、池塘和湖泊组成的相互连接的系统。河流湿地走廊出现在谷底足够宽，以适应横向无限制的河流平面形态，可能具有形态复杂，多线程通道与植被酒吧，岛屿和洪泛区。河流-湿地走廊可以在任何地方发展，从源头到河口或三角洲，沿着沿着排水网络有山谷扩张，它们遍布所有纬度，在所有生物群落和水文气候中。河流-湿地廊道可能纵向连续，但通常在山谷较窄的部分散布着单线河段。河流湿地廊道的发展和持续性是由地质、生物和地貌过程的组合驱动的，这些过程创造了一个多样化、异质性、斑块状和动态稳定的河流环境，其中水流、沉积物特征和栖息地不断变化。因此，我们将这些多维的河流走廊描述为“万花筒河流”。从历史上看，河流湿地走廊普遍存在于广阔的冲积河谷河段，但它们的存在在世界范围内已经减少（由于各种各样的人类活动和影响），公众甚至大多数河流管理者都不知道它们以前的普遍性。在这里，我们将河流湿地走廊定义为一种河流类型;回顾古环境和历史记录，以建立其过去的普遍性;描述负责其形成和持久性的地质，生物和地貌过程;并提供仍然存在的河流湿地走廊遗迹的例子。最后，我们强调了河流湿地走廊支持的各种河流功能的重要性，这种河流类型的减少和忽视的后果，以及对河流恢复的影响。
River-wetland corridors form where a high degree of connectivity between the surface (rheic) and subsurface (hyporheic) components of streamflow creates an interconnected system of channels, wetlands, ponds, and lakes. River-wetland corridors occur where the valley floor is sufficiently wide to accommodate a laterally unconfined river planform that may feature morphologically complex, multi-threaded channels with vegetated bars, islands, and floodplains. River-wetland corridors can develop anywhere there is valley expansion along a drainage network, from the headwaters to estuaries or deltas, and they are found across all latitudes and within all biomes and hydroclimates. River-wetland corridors may be longitudinally continuous but are commonly interspersed with single-thread reaches in narrower portions of the valley. The development and persistence of river-wetland corridors is driven by combinations of geologic, biotic, and geomorphic processes that create a river environment that is diverse, heterogeneous, patchy, and dynamically stable, and within which patterns of flow, sediment features, and habitats shift continually. Hence, we describe these polydimensional river corridors as “kaleidoscope rivers.” Historically, river-wetland corridors were pervasive in wide, alluvial valley reaches, but their presence has been so diminished worldwide (due to a diverse range of anthropogenic activities and impacts) that the general public and even most river managers are unaware of their former pervasiveness. Here, we define river-wetland corridors as a river type; review paleoenvironmental and historical records to establish their past ubiquity; describe the geologic, biotic, and geomorphic processes responsible for their formation and persistence; and provide examples of river-wetland corridor remnants that still survive. We close by highlighting the significance of the diverse river functions supported by river-wetland corridors, the consequences of diminution and neglect of this river type, and the implications for river restoration.
澳大利亚北部热带地区冲积湿季风森林的消失是由冲积层退缩而不是火灾造成的吗？
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Larsen;Vincent;Heckmann;Fuelling;Larsen
通讯作者：
Larsen