Risk of birth defects in Australian communities with high levels of brominated disinfection by-products.
Risk of birth defects in Australian communities with high levels of brominated disinfection by-products.
复制标题
高水平的溴化消毒副产品的澳大利亚社区出生缺陷的风险。
DOI：
10.1289/ehp.10980
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发表时间：
2008-09
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Weinstein, Philip
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chisholm, Kimberley;Cook, Angus;Bower, Carol;Weinstein, Philip
根据国际标准，西澳大利亚州珀斯的供水含有高水平的三卤代甲烷，特别是溴化形式。这些水平的地理变异性为研究THM暴露和出生缺陷率(BDS)之间的跨城市空间关系提供了机会。我们的目标是通过在西澳大利亚州珀斯的大都市地区暴露于高度溴化的THM来检查BD的发病率。我们从47个不同的地点收集了水样，并对它们进行了总浓度和单个THM浓度(每升微克)的分析，包括分离成溴化形式。我们根据三氢甲烷的总浓度将采集区划分为：低(60μg/L)、中(60至130μg/L)和高(≥130μg/L)。我们还从与水样采集点对应的邮政编码中获得了基于登记的总出生数和BDS(2000-2004年包括在内)的数据，并使用二项Logistic回归对TTHM暴露组的BDS频率进行了总体和单独的比较，调整了母亲的年龄和社会经济状况。THM总量在36-190μg/L之间，其中很高比例的THM是溴化的(平均92%)。与生活在低TTHM地区的妇女相比，生活在高TTHM地区的妇女患任何BD的风险[优势比(OR)=1.22；95%可信区间(CI)，1.01-1.48]和任何主要心血管BD的风险(OR=1.62；95%CI，1.04-2.51)都有增加。在所有地区，溴化形式构成了三氯甲烷的重要组成部分。BDS风险的微小但有统计学意义的增加与居住在THM高的地区有关。
By international standards, water supplies in Perth, Western Australia, contain high trihalomethane (THM) levels, particularly the brominated forms. Geographic variability in these levels provided an opportunity to examine cross-city spatial relationships between THM exposure and rates of birth defects (BDs). Our goal was to examine BD rates by exposure to THMs with a highly brominated fraction in metropolitan locations in Perth, Western Australia. We collected water samples from 47 separate locations and analyzed them for total and individual THM concentrations (micrograms per liter), including separation into brominated forms. We classified collection areas by total THM (TTHM) concentration: low (< 60 μg/L), medium (> 60 to < 130 μg/L), and high (≥ 130 μg/L). We also obtained deidentified registry-based data on total births and BDs (2000–2004 inclusive) from post codes corresponding to water sample collection sites and used binomial logistic regression to compare the frequency of BDs aggregately and separately for the TTHM exposure groups, adjusting for maternal age and socioeconomic status. Total THMs ranged from 36 to 190 μg/L. A high proportion of the THMs were brominated (on average, 92%). Women living in high-TTHM areas showed an increased risk of any BD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.22; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.48] and for the major category of any cardiovascular BD (OR = 1.62; 95% CI, 1.04–2.51), compared with women living in low-TTHM areas. Brominated forms constituted the significant fraction of THMs in all areas. Small but statistically significant increases in risks of BDs were associated with residence in areas with high THMs.
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影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Chen, JG;Thirkill, TL;Douglas, GC
通讯作者：
Douglas, GC
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Dodds, L;King, W;Nimrod, C
通讯作者：
Nimrod, C
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2.8
作者：
Carmichael, SL;Nelson, V;Croen, LA
通讯作者：
Croen, LA
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Bielmeier, SR;Best, DS;Narotsky, MG
通讯作者：
Narotsky, MG
影响因子：
--
作者：
Geter, David R;Chang, Lina W;DeAngelo, Anthony B
通讯作者：
DeAngelo, Anthony B