Uncovering biosynthetic relationships between antifungal nonadrides and octadrides.

Uncovering biosynthetic relationships between antifungal nonadrides and octadrides.
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DOI:
10.1039/d0sc04309e
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发表时间:
2020-10-07
期刊:
影响因子:
8.4
通讯作者:
Willis CL
Willis CL
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
de Mattos-Shipley KMJ;Spencer CE;Greco C;Heard DM;O'Flynn DE;Dao TT;Song Z;Mulholland NP;Vincent JL;Simpson TJ;Cox RJ;Bailey AM;Willis CL

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Maleidrides are a class of bioactive secondary metabolites unique to filamentous fungi, which contain one or more maleic anhydrides fused to a 7-, 8- or 9- membered carbocycle (named heptadrides, octadrides and nonadrides respectively). Herein structural and biosynthetic studies on the antifungal octadride, zopfiellin, and nonadrides scytalidin, deoxyscytalidin and castaneiolide are described. A combination of genome sequencing, bioinformatic analyses, gene disruptions, biotransformations, isotopic feeding studies, NMR and X-ray crystallography revealed that they share a common biosynthetic pathway, diverging only after the nonadride deoxyscytalidin. 5-Hydroxylation of deoxyscytalidin occurs prior to ring contraction in the zopfiellin pathway of Diffractella curvata. In Scytalidium album, 6-hydroxylation – confirmed as being catalysed by the α-ketoglutarate dependent oxidoreductase ScyL2 – converts deoxyscytalidin to scytalidin, in the final step in the scytalidin pathway. Feeding scytalidin to a zopfiellin PKS knockout strain led to the production of the nonadride castaneiolide and two novel ring-open maleidrides. Deoxyscytalidin is a common biosynthetic intermediate to the nonadride scytalidin in the fungus Scytalidium album and in Diffractella curvata gives the octadride zopfiellin.
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