Media policy in times of transition

Media policy in times of transition
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转型时期的媒体政策

DOI:
10.1007/s11616-017-0340-x
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
Publizistik
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Carola
Carola
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Richter;Carola

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在转型时期撰写有关媒体自由的现状报告是一项不值得的工作。由于政治环境的快速变化,昨天的观察结果往往在明天就过时了,而政治环境的快速变化往往也影响到媒体部门。此外,过渡进程不仅使参与者,而且也使观察者对应该和不应该做什么抱有很高的期望。因此,关于媒体和转型的文献往往具有高度的规范性和评价性。突尼斯以规范的方式,迅速规范了这些编写情况报告的模式。与埃及和伊拉克等该地区其他转型国家不同,它以前既不是政治学家也不是传播学者的焦点。如果有的话,其较大的北非邻国摩洛哥和阿尔及利亚在关于转型的文献中占有更突出的地位。然而,突尼斯现在正受到更密切的监视,因为它是所有“阿拉伯式”国家中唯一一个走上民主化轨道的国家,这些国家在2011年的起义浪潮中震惊了世界。人们非常希望突尼斯能够成为“阿拉伯例外论”的例外,因为该地区似乎无法实现民主化。回顾2011年以来突尼斯媒体转型的文献,可以发现有四个阶段,反映了报道者的高期望和发展的快速步伐。首先,在独裁领导人宰因·阿比丁·本·阿里及其家族于2011年1月被赶下台后,出现了“应然报告”。这些报告确定了旧结构和政治文化中出现的问题,并就如何克服这些问题提出了政策建议(Arieff 2012; Barata
Writing status reports about media freedom in times of transition is an unrewarding job. Observations from yesterday are often obsolete tomorrow due to fast changes in the political environment that often also affect the media sector. Moreover, transition processes raise high expectations not only among those involved but also among observers on what should and what should not be. Literature on media and transition is thus often highly normative and evaluative by nature. Tunisia exemplifies these patterns of writing status reports quickly and with a normative approach. Unlike other transformation countries in the region such as Egypt and Iraq, it had previously not been in the focus of neither political scientists nor communication scholars. If at all, its bigger North African neighbors Morocco and Algeria featured more prominently in the literature on transformation. Tunisia is now being monitored more closely, however, since it is the only state left on track to democratize of all the “Arabellious” countries that surprised the world with a wave of uprisings in 2011. It is very much hoped that Tunisia will be the exception to the “Arab exceptionalism” thesis, which has been ascribed to the region that does not seem to be able to democratize.Reviewing the literature on media transformation in Tunisia since 2011, there are four stages that reflect both the high expectations of those reporting and the fast pace of the developments. Firstly, after the ouster of the authoritarian leader Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and his clan in January 2011,“should-be-reports” appeared. Those reports identified problems that occurred in and due to old structures and political cultures and presented policy advice on how to overcome them (Arieff 2012; Barata
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