Globally‐distributed microbial eukaryotes exhibit endemism at deep‐sea hydrothermal vents

Globally‐distributed microbial eukaryotes exhibit endemism at deep‐sea hydrothermal vents
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全球分布的微生物真核生物在深海热液喷口表现出特有现象

DOI:
10.1111/mec.16745
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
4.9
通讯作者:
German, Christopher R.
German, Christopher R.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hu, Sarah K.;Smith, Amy R.;Anderson, Rika E.;Sylva, Sean P.;Setzer, Michaela;Steadmon, Maria;Frank, Kiana L.;Chan, Eric W.;Lim, Darlene S. S.;German, Christopher R.

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单细胞微生物真核生物生活在深海热液喷口环境中,在与喷口相关的微生物食物网中发挥着关键的生态作用。应用18S rRNA扩增序列对4个不同地理和地球化学特征的热液喷口扩散流体进行了测序,以研究不同原生生物组合之间的群落多样性格局。这四个喷口气田包括位于胡安德富卡海脊的轴海山,位于东北太平洋戈尔达海脊的海蚀崖和阿波罗,以及位于加勒比海中开曼海隆的皮卡德和冯·达姆。我们描述了与热液喷口区域和样品类型有关的物种多样性格局,鉴定了可能的喷口特有微生物真核生物,并测试了喷口流体地球化学如何影响微生物群落多样性。在半全球尺度上,深海喷口的微生物真核生物群落由类似比例的甲藻、纤毛虫、根霉和稻草藻组成。单独的喷口区域支持不同和高度多样化的原生生物组合,其中包括潜在的地方性或新的喷口相关菌株。这些发现代表了对深海热液喷口原生生物群落的普查。原生生物多样性是由局部规模的热液喷口环境形成的,最终影响与喷口相关的微生物食物网和更广泛的深海碳循环。
Single‐celled microbial eukaryotes inhabit deep‐sea hydrothermal vent environments and play critical ecological roles in the vent‐associated microbial food web. 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing of diffuse venting fluids from four geographically‐ and geochemically‐distinct hydrothermal vent fields was applied to investigate community diversity patterns among protistan assemblages. The four vent fields include Axial Seamount at the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Sea Cliff and Apollo at the Gorda Ridge, all in the NE Pacific Ocean, and Piccard and Von Damm at the Mid‐Cayman Rise in the Caribbean Sea. We describe species diversity patterns with respect to hydrothermal vent field and sample type, identify putative vent endemic microbial eukaryotes, and test how vent fluid geochemistry may influence microbial community diversity. At a semi‐global scale, microbial eukaryotic communities at deep‐sea vents were composed of similar proportions of dinoflagellates, ciliates, Rhizaria, and stramenopiles. Individual vent fields supported distinct and highly diverse assemblages of protists that included potentially endemic or novel vent‐associated strains. These findings represent a census of deep‐sea hydrothermal vent protistan communities. Protistan diversity, which is shaped by the hydrothermal vent environment at a local scale, ultimately influences the vent‐associated microbial food web and the broader deep‐sea carbon cycle.
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