Recent advances and prospects in the differentiation of pancreatic cells from human embryonic stem cells.
Recent advances and prospects in the differentiation of pancreatic cells from human embryonic stem cells.
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作者：
Mfopou JK;Chen B;Sui L;Sermon K;Bouwens L
最近对人类胚胎干细胞（hES）的研究已经建立了从最终内胚层大量生成胰腺祖细胞的新方案。这些发现增加了最终内胚层的有效衍生，这是由Wnt和节点通路控制的，并在寻找替代β细胞来源方面向前迈进了一步。它还表明，对现有策略的关键改进可能有助于确定适用于几种细胞系的胰腺分化的通用方案，从而为移植免疫匹配或患者特异性hes衍生的β细胞提供可能性。我们在此评估了骨形态发生蛋白、成纤维细胞生长因子和类视黄醇信号在胰腺发育过程中的基本作用，并描述了它们的组合在最近的研究中从hES细胞生成胰腺细胞的基本出现。最后，我们列举了一些可能进一步促进祖细胞分化为糖尿病细胞治疗所需的功能性β细胞的前景。
Recent studies with human embryonic stem (hES) cells have established new protocols for substantial generation of pancreatic progenitors from definitive endoderm. These findings add to the efficient derivation of definitive endoderm, which is controlled by Wnt and Nodal pathways, and delineate a step forward in the quest for alternative β-cell sources. It also indicates that critical refining of the available strategies might help define a universal protocol for pancreatic differentiation applicable to several cell lines, therefore offering the possibility for transplantation of immune-matched or patient-specific hES–derived β-cells. We appraise here the fundamental role that bone morphogenetic protein, fibroblast growth factor, and retinoid signaling play during pancreas development, and describe a fundamental emergence of their combination in recent studies that generated pancreatic cells from hES cells. We finally enumerate some prospects that might improve further differentiation of the progenitor cells into functional β-cells needed in diabetes cell therapy.
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