Antibody levels following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: associations with post-vaccination infection and risk factors
Antibody levels following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: associations with post-vaccination infection and risk factors
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SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种后的抗体水平：与疫苗接种后感染和危险因素的关联
DOI：
10.1101/2022.05.19.22275214
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cheetham N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cheetham N
背景：SARS-CoV-2抗体水平可用于评估SARS-CoV-2感染或疫苗接种后的体液免疫反应，并可预测未来感染的风险。已知较高水平的 SARS-CoV-2 抗 Spike 抗体与增强对未来 SARS-CoV-2 感染的保护有关。然而，尚未在广泛的社会人口统计学、SARS-CoV-2 感染和疫苗接种以及基于人群的队列中的健康因素中探索每轮 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种后抗体水平的变化和抗体水平较低的风险因素。方法：从 TwinsUK 和 ALSPAC UK 基于人群的纵向研究中收集了 9,361 名个体的样本，并测试了 SARS-CoV-2 抗体。横断面抽样于 2021 年 4 月至 5 月联合进行（TwinsUK，N = 4,256；ALSPAC，N = 4,622），并且仅在 TwinsUK 于 2021 年 11 月至 2022 年 1 月进行（N = 3,575）。分析了第一次、第二次和第三次 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种后抗体水平随健康、社会人口、SARS-CoV-2 感染和 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种变量的变化。使用多变量逻辑回归模型，我们测试了疫苗接种后抗体水平与以下因素之间的关联：(1) 疫苗接种后 SARS-CoV-2 感染； (2) 健康、社会人口、SARS-CoV-2 感染和 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种变量。结果：在 TwinsUK 中，初始测试时抗 Spike 抗体水平最低 20% 的单次疫苗接种者在未来 6 至 9 个月内感染 SARS-CoV-2 的几率比最高 20% 的人高出 3 倍（OR = 2.9，95% CI：1.4，6.0）。在 TwinsUK 和 ASPAC 中，通过英国“屏蔽患者名单”被确定为 COVID-19 并发症风险较高的个人，其抗体水平处于最低 10% 的几率始终较高（2 至 4 倍）。第三次疫苗接种增加了几乎所有个体的绝对抗体水平，并减少了与早期疫苗接种相比的相对差异。结论：这些发现量化了抗体水平与后续感染风险之间的关联，并支持三重疫苗接种以产生保护性抗体的政策。资金：抗体测试由英国卫生安全局资助。国家核心研究计划由 COVID-19 纵向健康与福祉 - 国家核心研究 (LHW-NCS) HMT/UKRI/MRC (MC_PC_20030 和 MC_PC_20059) 资助。 NIHR 606 也提供了相关资金（康复补助金 COV-LT-0009）。 TwinsUK 由 Wellcome Trust、医学研究委员会、Versus Arthritis、欧盟 Horizon 2020、慢性病研究基金会 (CDRF)、Zoe Ltd 和国家健康研究所 (NIHR) 临床研究网络 (CRN) 以及位于盖伊和圣托马斯 NHS 基金会信托基金的生物医学研究中心与伦敦国王学院合作资助。英国医学研究委员会和 Wellcome（资助编号：217065/Z/19/Z）以及布里斯托大学为 ASPAC 提供核心支持。
Background:SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels can be used to assess humoral immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination, and may predict risk of future infection. Higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 anti-Spike antibodies are known to be associated with increased protection against future SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, variation in antibody levels and risk factors for lower antibody levels following each round of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination have not been explored across a wide range of socio-demographic, SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, and health factors within population-based cohorts.Methods:Samples were collected from 9,361 individuals from TwinsUK and ALSPAC UK population-based longitudinal studies and tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Cross-sectional sampling was undertaken jointly in April-May 2021 (TwinsUK, N = 4,256; ALSPAC, N = 4,622), and in TwinsUK only in November 2021-January 2022 (N = 3,575). Variation in antibody levels after first, second, and third SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with health, socio-demographic, SARS-CoV-2 infection and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination variables were analysed. Using multivariable logistic regression models, we tested associations between antibody levels following vaccination and: (1) SARS-CoV-2 infection following vaccination(s); (2) health, socio-demographic, SARS-CoV-2 infection and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination variables.Results:Within TwinsUK, single-vaccinated individuals with the lowest 20% of anti-Spike antibody levels at initial testing had 3-fold greater odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection over the next six to nine months (OR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.4, 6.0), compared to the top 20%. In TwinsUK and ALSPAC, individuals identified as at increased risk of COVID-19 complication through the UK 'Shielded Patient List' had consistently greater odds (2- to 4-fold) of having antibody levels in the lowest 10%. Third vaccination increased absolute antibody levels for almost all individuals, and reduced relative disparities compared with earlier vaccinations.Conclusions:These findings quantify the association between antibody level and risk of subsequent infection, and support a policy of triple vaccination for the generation of protective antibodies.Funding:Antibody testing was funded by UK Health Security Agency. The National Core Studies program is funded by COVID-19 Longitudinal Health and Wellbeing - National Core Study (LHW-NCS) HMT/UKRI/MRC (MC_PC_20030 & MC_PC_20059). Related funding was also provided by the NIHR 606 (CONVALESCENCE grant COV-LT-0009). TwinsUK is funded by the Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, Versus Arthritis, European Union Horizon 2020, Chronic Disease Research Foundation (CDRF), Zoe Ltd and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinical Research Network (CRN) and Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust in partnership with King's College London. The UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome (Grant ref: 217065/Z/19/Z) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC.
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