Early steps in inner ear development: induction and morphogenesis of the otic placode.

Early steps in inner ear development: induction and morphogenesis of the otic placode.
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DOI:
10.3389/fphar.2015.00019
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Ladher RK
Ladher RK
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sai X;Ladher RK

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使用体外产生的细胞来替代受损组织的各种细胞替代疗法已经被提出作为减轻听力损失的策略。所有这类疗法都必须完全了解内耳发育的最早阶段;作为胚胎非神经性表面外胚层中增厚的细胞板的诱导,到作为嵌入胚胎头部间充质中的耳囊的内化。这些知识使研究人员了解拟议战略的可行性,并在需要时提出替代方案。在这篇综述中,我们描述了内耳诱导的机制,集中在引导外胚层命运成为内耳前体的因素。然后诱导导致内耳的形态发生,我们描述了当内耳从表面的胎盘转变为内化的耳囊时发生的细胞变化,以及它们如何与特别强调内耳周围的信号环境如何影响这些过程相协调。
Various cellular replacement therapies using in vitro generated cells to replace damaged tissue have been proposed as strategies to alleviate hearing loss. All such therapies must involve a complete understanding of the earliest steps in inner ear development; its induction as a thickened plate of cells in the non-neural, surface ectoderm of the embryo, to its internalization as an otocyst embedded in the head mesenchyme of the embryo. Such knowledge informs researchers addressing the feasibility of the proposed strategy and present alternatives if needed. In this review we describe the mechanisms of inner ear induction, concentrating on the factors that steer the fate of ectoderm into precursors of the inner ear. Induction then leads to inner ear morphogenesis and we describe the cellular changes that occur as the inner ear is converted from a superficial placode to an internalized otocyst, and how they are coordinated with a particular emphasis on how the signaling environment surrounding the inner ear influences these processes.
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