Specificity of plant-microbe interactions in the tree mycorrhizosphere biome and consequences for soil C cycling.
Specificity of plant-microbe interactions in the tree mycorrhizosphere biome and consequences for soil C cycling.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2014.00261
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Grayston SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Churchland C;Grayston SJ
菌根协会是无处不在的，并形成了森林生态系统中的微生物生物量的重要组成部分和碳通量，这些地下生物占森林植被吸收的碳的很大一部分。据预测，气候变化会改变地下植物分配的C，这可能会导致土壤微生物群落的组成变化，它已被假设，这种社区的变化将影响森林生态系统中的C缓解。目前已确认的外生菌根真菌约有10，000种，其中一些是宿主特异性的，仅与单一树种相关，例如落叶松的Suillus grevillei。菌根是植物C的强大库，菌根解剖结构的差异，特别是散发菌丝的存在和程度，可以影响分配到这些聚集体的植物C的量。菌根形态不仅影响森林中碳的空间分布，而且这些不同结构的寿命差异可能对土壤中的碳固存产生重要影响。菌根生长形式已被用于将真菌分成不同的功能群，这些功能群在觅食和营养获取潜力方面在质量和空间上有所不同。通过新的基因组技术，我们开始了解外生菌根协会的特异性和选择所涉及的机制，但对丛枝菌根协会知之甚少。在这篇综述中，我们研究了树种的证据-菌根特异性，以及所涉及的机制（例如，信号化合物）。我们还探讨了已知的这些协会和其他土壤生物的质量和数量的C流到mycorrhizosphere（菌根根尖的影响下的区域）的相互作用的影响，包括空间和季节变化。森林中的菌根生物群落的多样性及其潜在的地下封存大量的C突出了增加我们对不同森林中不同菌根功能群动态的了解的至关重要性。
Mycorrhizal associations are ubiquitous and form a substantial component of the microbial biomass in forest ecosystems and fluxes of C to these belowground organisms account for a substantial portion of carbon assimilated by forest vegetation. Climate change has been predicted to alter belowground plant-allocated C which may cause compositional shifts in soil microbial communities, and it has been hypothesized that this community change will influence C mitigation in forest ecosystems. Some 10,000 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi are currently recognized, some of which are host specific and will only associate with a single tree species, for example, Suillus grevillei with larch. Mycorrhizae are a strong sink for plant C, differences in mycorrhizal anatomy, particularly the presence and extent of emanating hyphae, can affect the amount of plant C allocated to these assemblages. Mycorrhizal morphology affects not only spatial distribution of C in forests, but also differences in the longevity of these diverse structures may have important consequences for C sequestration in soil. Mycorrhizal growth form has been used to group fungi into distinctive functional groups that vary qualitatively and spatially in their foraging and nutrient acquiring potential. Through new genomic techniques we are beginning to understand the mechanisms involved in the specificity and selection of ectomycorrhizal associations though much less is known about arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. In this review we examine evidence for tree species- mycorrhizal specificity, and the mechanisms involved (e.g., signal compounds). We also explore what is known about the effects of these associations and interactions with other soil organisms on the quality and quantity of C flow into the mycorrhizosphere (the area under the influence of mycorrhizal root tips), including spatial and seasonal variations. The enormity of the mycorrhizosphere biome in forests and its potential to sequester substantial C belowground highlights the vital importance of increasing our knowledge of the dynamics of the different mycorrhizal functional groups in diverse forests.
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影响因子：
3.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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