Frequency Regulation with Heterogeneous Energy Resources: A Realization using Distributed Control

Frequency Regulation with Heterogeneous Energy Resources: A Realization using Distributed Control
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异构能源调频:分布式控制的实现

DOI:
10.1109/tsg.2021.3071778
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
9.6
通讯作者:
Washom, Byron
Washom, Byron
中科院分区:
工程技术1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Anderson, Tor;Muralidharan, Manasa;Srivastava, Priyank;Haghi, Hamed Valizadeh;Cortes, Jorge;Kleissl, Jan;Martinez, Sonia;Washom, Byron

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本文介绍了配电网中二次频率响应的协调和分布式资源控制的第一个实际演示之一。一系列测试涉及多达69个异构主动分布式能源,包括空气处理机组、单向和双向电动汽车充电站、电池储能系统,以及107个由建筑负载和太阳能光伏系统组成的被动分布式能源。分布式控制设置由一组通过以太网交换机交换消息的 Raspberry Pi 端点组成。分布式能源的驱动命令是通过使用分布式比率一致性、原对偶和类牛顿算法解决每个调节时刻的功率分配问题来获得的。该问题的表述最大限度地减少了分布式能源成本的总和,同时跟踪系统运营商提供的总设定点。我们展示了优化解决方案的准确、快速的实时分布式计算以及 40 分钟时间范围内调节信号的有效跟踪。经济效益分析确认了参与辅助服务市场的资格,并表明选定的分布式能源资源群体的潜在年收入高达 $\$ $ 53k。
This paper presents one of the first real-life demonstrations of coordinated and distributed resource control for secondary frequency response in a power distribution grid. A series of tests involved up to 69 heterogeneous active distributed energy resources consisting of air handling units, unidirectional and bidirectional electric vehicle charging stations, a battery energy storage system, and 107 passive distributed energy resources consisting of building loads and solar photovoltaic systems. The distributed control setup consists of a set of Raspberry Pi end-points exchanging messages via an Ethernet switch. Actuation commands for the distributed energy resources are obtained by solving a power allocation problem at every regulation instant using distributed ratio-consensus, primal-dual, and Newton-like algorithms. The problem formulation minimizes the sum of distributed energy resource costs while tracking the aggregate setpoint provided by the system operator. We demonstrate accurate and fast real-time distributed computation of the optimization solution and effective tracking of the regulation signal over 40 min time horizons. An economic benefit analysis confirms eligibility to participate in an ancillary services market and demonstrates up to $\$ $ 53k of potential annual revenue for the selected population of distributed energy resources.
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