Privacy-preserving aggregation in life cycle assessment

Privacy-preserving aggregation in life cycle assessment
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生命周期评估中的隐私保护聚合

DOI:
10.1007/s10669-016-9620-7
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
El Abbadi, Amr
El Abbadi, Amr
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kuczenski, Brandon;Sahin, Cetin;El Abbadi, Amr

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生命周期评估(LCA)是用于对产品或服务的生态可持续性进行定量评估的标准技术。为 LCA 计算提供输入的生命周期清单 (LCI) 数据集可以表达有关流程或生产步骤操作的基本信息。因此,LCI 数据通常被视为机密,并且通常通过与其他数据集聚合来隐藏。尽管隐私保护在发布 LCA 研究中很重要,但社区缺乏管理私人数据的正式框架,并且不存在用于执行 LCI 数据集聚合以保护输入数据隐私的技术。然而,被称为“安全多方计算”的新兴计算技术使数据贡献者能够联合计算数值结果,而无需任何一方确定另一方的私有数据。在所提出的方法中,同意共享计算模型但不信任彼此且也不信任共同第三方的各方可以协作计算 LCA 指标的加权平均值,而无需与任何其他方共享其私有数据。首先,我们将 LCA 聚合问题表述为前台库存模型的内积。然后,我们展示如何将 LCA 聚合计算为两个安全总和的比率。该协议在准备涉及相互竞争的公司的 LCA 研究时非常有用。
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is the standard technique used to make a quantitative evaluation about the ecological sustainability of a product or service. The life cycle inventory (LCI) data sets that provide input to LCA computations can express essential information about the operation of a process or production step. As a consequence, LCI data are often regarded as confidential and are typically concealed through aggregation with other data sets. Despite the importance of privacy protection in publishing LCA studies, the community lacks a formal framework for managing private data, and no techniques exist for performing aggregation of LCI data sets that preserve the privacy of input data. However, emerging computational techniques known as “secure multiparty computation” enable data contributors to jointly compute numerical results without enabling any party to determine another party’s private data. In the proposed approach, parties who agree on a shared computation model, but do not trust one another and also do not trust a common third party, can collaboratively compute a weighted average of an LCA metric without sharing their private data with any other party. First, we formulate the LCA aggregation problem as an inner product over a foreground inventory model. Then, we show how LCA aggregations can be computed as the ratio of two secure sums. The protocol is useful when preparing LCA studies involving mutually competitive firms.
使用生命周期方法提高企业环境信息披露的价值
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