Silence, activate, poise and switch! Mechanisms of antigenic variation in Plasmodium falciparum.
Silence, activate, poise and switch! Mechanisms of antigenic variation in Plasmodium falciparum.
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DOI：
10.1111/cmi.12115
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发表时间：
2013-05
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Scherf A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guizetti J;Scherf A
遗传上相同的疟原虫的表型变异是一个新兴的课题。虽然抗原变异只是通过表观遗传学控制的转录变异性产生适应性的更全面的寄生虫策略的一部分，但它是使免疫逃避和促进发病的中心机制。var基因家族是恶性疟原虫中广泛的克隆变异基因家族中研究得最好的例子。它的独特之处在于它严格选择单个成员进行激活，这一过程称为单等位基因表达。从研究var基因中出现的概念性进展显示出与许多其他克隆变异基因家族或甚至单拷贝基因（在寄生虫种群中显示多样化表达）惊人的共同表观遗传特征。然而，主要的机制问题，如存在一个潜在的表达位点和身份的转录因子或遗传元件驱动单一基因的选择，仍然没有答案。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了克隆变异，即沉默，激活，平衡和开关的分子过程中必不可少的最新研究结果。整合关于所有克隆变异基因家族和其他互斥表达系统的发现将有望推动对抗原变异机制的理解。
Phenotypic variation in genetically identical malaria parasites is an emerging topic. Although antigenic variation is only part of a more global parasite strategy to create adaptation through epigenetically controlled transcriptional variability, it is the central mechanism enabling immune evasion and promoting pathogenesis. The var gene family is the best-studied example in a wide range of clonally variant gene families in Plasmodium falciparum. It is unique in its strict selection of a single member for activation, a process termed monoallelic expression. The conceptual advances that have emerged from studying var genes show striking common epigenetic features with many other clonally variant gene families or even single-copy genes that show a variegated expression in parasite populations. However, major mechanistic questions, such as the existence of a potential expression site and the identity of transcription factors or genetic elements driving singular gene choice, are still unanswered. In this review we discuss the recent findings in the molecular processes essential for clonal variation, namely silencing, activation, poising and switching. Integrating findings about all clonally variant gene families and other mutually exclusive expression systems will hopefully drive mechanistic understanding of antigenic variation.
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DOI：
10.1038/nrmicro2145
发表时间：
2009-07
期刊：
Nature reviews. Microbiology
影响因子：
--
作者：
通讯作者：
--
影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Cortés A;Carret C;Kaneko O;Yim Lim BY;Ivens A;Holder AA
通讯作者：
Holder AA
影响因子：
12.3
作者：
Brolin KJ;Ribacke U;Nilsson S;Ankarklev J;Moll K;Wahlgren M;Chen Q
通讯作者：
Chen Q
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Fastman Y;Noble R;Recker M;Dzikowski R
通讯作者：
Dzikowski R
影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Dzikowski, Ron;Deitsch, Kirk W.
通讯作者：
Deitsch, Kirk W.