Commercial orientation in grassroots social innovation: Insights from the sharing economy

Commercial orientation in grassroots social innovation: Insights from the sharing economy
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草根社会创新的商业化:来自共享经济的洞察

DOI:
10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.08.001
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
7
通讯作者:
Martin C
Martin C
中科院分区:
经济学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Martin C

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人们对共享经济和基层创新在向可持续社会转型中的作用越来越感兴趣。基层创新研究倾向于假设基层组织和社会技术创新利基中的企业之间存在明显的区别。然而,非营利部门的文献表明,随着时间的推移,非营利组织实际上越来越以商业为导向。为了解释这种趋势,我们开发了一个社会技术利基中基层组织动态的概念模型。以共享经济利基中的草根组织Freegle为例,我们运用概念模型来说明草根利基组织变得更加商业化的原因、过程和结果。我们表明,草根组织可能会受到强制性和间接(同构)压力,变得更加商业化,并强调这种动态的模糊性。此外,我们强调全球利基行动者可能施加强制压力,限制基层组织的实践和价值观的制定和传播。最后,我们强调有必要进一步研究保护基层组织免受商业导向压力的可取性和可行性。
There is growing interest in the roles of the sharing economy and grassroots innovation in the transition to sustainable societies. Grassroots innovation research has tended to assume a sharp distinction between grassroots organisations and businesses within niches of socio-technical innovation. However, the non-profit sector literature identifies a tendency for non-profit organisations to actually become more commercially-oriented over time. Seeking to account for this tendency, we develop a conceptual model of the dynamics of grassroots organisations within socio-technical niches. Using a case study of Freegle, a grassroots organisation within the sharing economy niche, we apply the conceptual model to illustrate the causes, processes and outcomes of grassroots niche organisations becoming more commercially-oriented. We show that a grassroots organisation may be subject to coercive and indirect (isomorphic) pressures to become more commercially-oriented and highlight the ambiguities of this dynamic. Furthermore, we highlight that global niche actors may exert coercive pressures that limit the enactment and propagation of the practices and values of grassroots organisations. We conclude by highlighting the need for further research exploring the desirability and feasibility of protecting grassroots organisations from pressures to become more commercially-oriented.
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