Union women, the tobacco industry, and excise taxes: a lesson in unintended consequences.
Union women, the tobacco industry, and excise taxes: a lesson in unintended consequences.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.amepre.2009.05.011
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发表时间：
2009-08
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Campbell, Richard B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balbach, Edith D.;Campbell, Richard B.
在1987至1997年间，烟草行业利用增加卷烟消费税的问题，与代表美国女性工会成员的工会妇女联盟(CLUW)建立了政治伙伴关系。本文记录了该行业如何建立这种关系，以及控烟倡导者可以从该行业的例子中吸取的教训，以减轻倡导增加消费税可能产生的意外后果。1998年，根据总和解协议的条款，烟草行业开始公开诉讼中产生的文件。目前，约有5000万页可在网上查阅，其中包括大量关于行业与CLUW关系的文件。在这项研究中，对这些文献进行了全面的搜索。烟草行业鼓励CLUW反对消费税增加，方法是强调这些税收的经济递减性，讨论消费税以转移人们对卷烟的注意力，并鼓励反对将卷烟税专门用于支付特定项目。此外，CLUW在1987年至1997年期间获得了至少221,500美元的财政支助，以及为其会议、会员材料和其他服务提供的实物支助。如果追求消费税增加，而不考虑它们可能对低SES人群造成的影响，可能会产生意想不到的后果。在这种情况下，这些建议可能有助于在CLUW和烟草行业之间建立一种关系。由于消费税在《烟草控制框架公约》中得到认可，控烟倡导者必须了解如何与低SES人群建立关系，并减少与烟草行业的潜在联盟。
Between 1987 and 1997, the tobacco industry used the issue of cigarette excise tax increases to create a political partnership with the Coalition of Labor Union Women (CLUW), a group representing female trade unionists in the U.S. This paper documents how the industry created this relationship and the lessons tobacco-control advocates can learn from the industry’s example, in order to mitigate possible unintended consequences of advocating excise tax increases In 1998, under the terms of the Master Settlement Agreement, the tobacco industry began making documents produced in litigation available publicly. Currently, approximately 50 million pages are available online, including substantial documentation of the industry–CLUW relationship. For this study, a comprehensive search of these documents was conducted. The tobacco industry encouraged CLUW’s opposition to excise tax increases by emphasizing the economic regressivity of these taxes, discussing excise taxes generically to deflect attention from cigarettes, and encouraging opposition to earmarking cigarette taxes to pay for specific programs. In addition, CLUW received at least $221,500 in financial support between 1987 and 1997 and in-kind support for its conferences, membership materials, and other services. Excise tax increases, if pursued without considering the impacts they may have on low-SES populations, may have unintended consequences. In this case, such proposals may have helped to create a relationship between CLUW and the tobacco industry. Because excise taxes are endorsed in the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, tobacco-control advocates must understand how to build relationships with low-SES populations and mitigate potential alliances with the tobacco industry.
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影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Barbeau, EM;Krieger, N;Soobader, MJ
通讯作者：
Soobader, MJ
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Balbach, ED;Barbeau, EM;Pan, J
通讯作者：
Pan, J
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Campbell, R.;Balbach, E. D.
通讯作者：
Balbach, E. D.
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Balbach, Edith D.;Herzberg, Abby;Barbeau, Elizabeth M.
通讯作者：
Barbeau, Elizabeth M.