A model for homeopathic remedy effects: low dose nanoparticles, allostatic cross-adaptation, and time-dependent sensitization in a complex adaptive system.
A model for homeopathic remedy effects: low dose nanoparticles, allostatic cross-adaptation, and time-dependent sensitization in a complex adaptive system.
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DOI：
10.1186/1472-6882-12-191
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发表时间：
2012-10-22
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Koithan M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bell IR;Koithan M
本文提出了一种新的顺势疗法作用于生命系统的模型。研究表明，顺势疗法(a)含有可测量的源和二氧化硅纳米颗粒，它们在胶体溶液中不均匀分布；(b)通过调节适应应力反应网络的生物学功能起作用(c)通过生物体依赖的适应性和内源性放大效应对生命系统产生双相作用；(d)提高系统弹性。建议的顺势疗法的有效成分是源物质在水基胶体溶液中的纳米颗粒，而不是散装形式的药物。纳米颗粒具有独特的生物和物理化学性质，包括提高催化反应活性，蛋白质和DNA吸附，生物利用度，剂量节约，电磁和量子效应不同于散装材料。经典药物制备过程中的研磨和/或液体灌注会产生“自上而下”的纳米结构。植物可以生物合成补救模板二氧化硅纳米结构。纳米颗粒刺激激效，这是一种有益的低剂量适应性反应。低剂量的顺势疗法药物可以作为生物信号，刺激机体的适应性生物应激反应网络，引起非线性调节和自组织变化。潜在的机制包括时间依赖性敏化（TDS），这是一种适应性可塑性/超可塑性，涉及宿主反应的渐进放大，在生理极限下反转和振荡。为了调动激效和TDS，治疗必须被评估为一个显著的，但低水平的，新的威胁，压力源，或整个生物体的稳态破坏。二氧化硅纳米颗粒吸附补救源和放大效应。适当时机的药物剂量引起疾病引发的代偿逆转，方向是适应不良的动态网络，从而促进适应能力和从疾病中恢复。顺势疗法药物被认为是纳米颗粒的来源，通过对特定生物适应和放大机制的非药物作用来调动激效和时间依赖性敏化。药物的纳米颗粒性质将使它们在结构、形态和功能特性上区别于传统的原料药。结果将取决于生物体作为一种新的应激源或异型生物威胁对补救措施作出反应的能力，在适应应激反应网络中启动累积的、交叉适应的生物不适应的潜在疾病的逆转。系统弹性将得到改善。该模型为纳米材料在生命系统中的作用、顺势疗法治疗作用的机制和纳米医学的转化应用提供了理论驱动的研究基础。
This paper proposes a novel model for homeopathic remedy action on living systems. Research indicates that homeopathic remedies (a) contain measurable source and silica nanoparticles heterogeneously dispersed in colloidal solution; (b) act by modulating biological function of the allostatic stress response network (c) evoke biphasic actions on living systems via organism-dependent adaptive and endogenously amplified effects; (d) improve systemic resilience. The proposed active components of homeopathic remedies are nanoparticles of source substance in water-based colloidal solution, not bulk-form drugs. Nanoparticles have unique biological and physico-chemical properties, including increased catalytic reactivity, protein and DNA adsorption, bioavailability, dose-sparing, electromagnetic, and quantum effects different from bulk-form materials. Trituration and/or liquid succussions during classical remedy preparation create “top-down” nanostructures. Plants can biosynthesize remedy-templated silica nanostructures. Nanoparticles stimulate hormesis, a beneficial low-dose adaptive response. Homeopathic remedies prescribed in low doses spaced intermittently over time act as biological signals that stimulate the organism’s allostatic biological stress response network, evoking nonlinear modulatory, self-organizing change. Potential mechanisms include time-dependent sensitization (TDS), a type of adaptive plasticity/metaplasticity involving progressive amplification of host responses, which reverse direction and oscillate at physiological limits. To mobilize hormesis and TDS, the remedy must be appraised as a salient, but low level, novel threat, stressor, or homeostatic disruption for the whole organism. Silica nanoparticles adsorb remedy source and amplify effects. Properly-timed remedy dosing elicits disease-primed compensatory reversal in direction of maladaptive dynamics of the allostatic network, thus promoting resilience and recovery from disease. Homeopathic remedies are proposed as source nanoparticles that mobilize hormesis and time-dependent sensitization via non-pharmacological effects on specific biological adaptive and amplification mechanisms. The nanoparticle nature of remedies would distinguish them from conventional bulk drugs in structure, morphology, and functional properties. Outcomes would depend upon the ability of the organism to respond to the remedy as a novel stressor or heterotypic biological threat, initiating reversals of cumulative, cross-adapted biological maladaptations underlying disease in the allostatic stress response network. Systemic resilience would improve. This model provides a foundation for theory-driven research on the role of nanomaterials in living systems, mechanisms of homeopathic remedy actions and translational uses in nanomedicine.
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DOI：
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