Predicting the propagation and interaction of frontal accretionary thrust faults with work optimization

Predicting the propagation and interaction of frontal accretionary thrust faults with work optimization
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通过功优化预测锋面增生逆冲断层的传播和相互作用

DOI:
10.1016/j.tecto.2020.228461
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Fattaruso, Laura
Fattaruso, Laura
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
McBeck, Jessica;Cooke, Michele;Fattaruso, Laura

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本研究使用工作最佳化来预测断层的空间和时间发展。我们专注于增长的小裂缝,发展成逆冲断层的脚趾的增生棱柱,因为从物理实验室吸积实验的观测提供了丰富的数据,以验证模型,和吸积逆冲断层启动的过程仍然不清楚。为了对这些系统进行建模,我们将新的实现应用于故障增长代码GROW,这些代码使用工作优化来改善其对故障交互的预测,包括:1)CPU并行化,2)一种新的增长算法,在每个增长增量中只传播最有效的故障,thesinglerun模式,和3)一种新的增长算法,仅考虑来自断层尖端的断层传播,这些断层尖端具有高的模式I和II应力强度因子KG,极限模式。新的单一和限制模式产生的几何形状,最好地匹配所观察到的几何形状,而不是算法,允许所有的故障同时传播,而不管KG,多和非限制模式。单一的limitingmodels预测,正面加积逆冲开始在midpack或较浅的深度,与以前的研究结果相一致。逆冲断层先向上传播,与地表连接,再向下传播,与拆离体连接。逆冲断层往往先于前冲断层传播,进而影响前冲断层的传播。这种断层活动的时空序列是由楔体表面附近的低压缩、高剪切应变、高库仑应力和高应变能密度以及楔体斜坡的拐点所引起的。模型表明,最终的滑动分布并不可靠地表明故障的起始位置,在广泛的假设相反。
This study uses work optimization to predict the spatial and temporal development of faults. We focus on the growth of small fractures that develop into thrust faults at the toe of accretionary prisms because observations from physical laboratory accretion experiments provide rich data with which to validate the models, and the processes of accretionary thrust fault initiation remain unclear. In order to model these systems, we apply new implementations to the fault growth code GROW that improve its prediction of fault interaction using work optimization, including: 1) CPU parallelization, 2) a new growth algorithm that propagates only the most efficient fault in each growth increment, thesinglerun mode, and 3) a new growth algorithm that only considers fault propagation from fault tips that host high sums of modes I and II stress intensity factors,KG, thelimitingmode. The newsingleandlimitingmode produce the geometries that best match the observed geometries, rather than the algorithm that allows all the faults to propagate simultaneously, regardless ofKG, themultipleandnon-limitingmode. Thesingle limitingmodels predict that frontal accretionary thrusts initiate at the midpack or shallower depths, consistent with findings of previous studies. The thrusts propagate upward, link with the surface, and then propagate downward and link with the detachment. The backthrust tends to propagate before the forethrust, and then influences the forethrust propagation. This temporal and spatial sequence of faulting arises from the lower compression, higher shear strain, higher Coulomb stress and higher strain energy density that develop near the wedge surface and the inflection of the wedge slope. The models reveal that the final slip distributions do not reliably indicate the initiation location of the faults, in contrast to widespread assumptions.
三个断层生长准则在美国加利福尼亚州洛杉矶普恩特山逆冲系统中的应用
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