The Decline of Gangsters and Politicization of Violence in Urban Bangladesh

The Decline of Gangsters and Politicization of Violence in Urban Bangladesh
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孟加拉国城市黑帮的衰落和暴力的政治化

DOI:
10.1111/dech.12428
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
3
通讯作者:
Jackman D
Jackman D
中科院分区:
法学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jackman D

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与韦伯关于中央政府垄断暴力手段的理想相反,许多社会的政治秩序需要不同的“暴力专家”之间的利益平衡。在孟加拉国城市,黑帮被认为是与政治家和国家密切相关的强大行动者。他们通常被称为“马斯坦”,被描述为调解获得工作和公共服务的机会,经营勒索网络和提供政治力量。自21世纪初以来,达卡发生了根本性的变化,迄今为止基本上没有记录:这些歹徒正在显着减少。与这些帮派有关的许多角色仍在继续,但现在处于与执政党有关的较低级别派系的直接控制之下-这一过渡为城市环境带来了更大程度的稳定。这些论点是通过对达卡市中心一个大型市场的民族志研究发展起来的,研究了一个臭名昭著的当地黑帮的兴衰。在阐述这一案例时,有人认为,应更密切地关注社会内部暴力组织的变化。
Contrary to the Weberian ideal of a central state monopolizing the means of violence, political order in many societies requires a balance of interests between diverse ‘violence specialists’. In urban Bangladesh, gangsters have been identified as powerful actors, closely linked to politicians and the state. Often calledmastan, they are portrayed as mediating access to work and public services, as running extortion networks and providing political muscle. Since the early 2000s Dhaka has seen radical change, largely undocumented to date: these gangsters are in significant decline. Many of the roles associated with these gangs continue, but now under the direct control of lower‐level factions associated with the ruling political party — a transition that has brought a greater degree of stability to the urban context. These arguments are developed through ethnographic research from a large marketplace in the centre of Dhaka, examining the rise and fall of an infamous local gangster. In developing this case, it is argued that closer attention should be given to changes in the organization of violence within societies.
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